My DNA: Two-Step Cell Process

622 Words2 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Transcription and translation replication

DNA is read with a two-step cell process. These two steps are transcription and translation. Transcription is the process in which a portion of the cells DNA plays the role of a template for the formation of the RNA molecule. RNA polymerase is then attached to the DNA template and begins to make new strands nucleotides to produce a complementary RNA strand. Transcription factors then help determine which DNA sequences should be transcribed. The first step in transcription is initiation. This step involves the polymerase and transcription factors that connect the DNA to specific areas. This area includes something called a TATA box, which is a special nucleotide sequence. The next step in the strand elongation. At this point, the DNA is ready …show more content…

Translation is when the information stored in the mRNA molecule is used to help create protein molecules. But, before this can take place, the mRNA must be read by ribosomes.

In my opinion, I believe that it should be optional to have your DNA stored in a database. I would have my DNA in a database to help scientists discover new medicines and what not. There would be one condition though, IF they were to use my DNA to successfully find a new drug or cure, I would want to be granted some money for that. Having DNA of just criminals though, is a whole new topic.
I do not see why it would be beneficial to just have DNA of criminals in a database. I do not see that being of any help, especially if the criminal is locked up for good. Criminal forensics, I feel, do a well enough job on determining whose blood, sperm, fingerprints, saliva, is whose when it comes to a crime. I can understand where having everyone’s DNA can be useful to society, I just do not believe it is safe, because of how advanced technology is getting these days and I feel that scientists could easily find a way to clone someone by using their DNA.

Show More
Related

  • The Use of Force to Gain DNA Samples

    547 Words  | 2 Pages

    DNA evidence should not be colvcslected from suspects as a matter of routine. To do so will cause unnecessary privacy intrusion; in the vast majority of criminal cases DNA evidence will contribute nothing to the investigation. Thus, it would not be appropriate for Parliament to give blanket authority to collect DNA samples from all persons suspected of indictable offences. DNA should also not be collected from a suspect if investigators have no DNA evidence with which to compare the suspect's sample. Nor would a DNA sample be necessary if the suspect admitted guilt.

    Read More

  • Case of Kirk Noble Bloodsworth

    1714 Words  | 4 Pages

    DNA is the blueprint of life. It stores our genetic information which is what is in charge of how our physical appearance will look like. 99.9% of human DNA is the same in every person yet the remaining .1% is what distinguishes each person (Noble Prize). This small percentage is enough to make each person different and it makes identifying people a lot easier when its necessary. DNA not only serves to test relationships between people it also helps in criminal cases. DNA testing in criminal cases has not been around for many years if fact it was not until the early 1990s when the use of DNA testing for criminal cases was approved and made available. By comparing the DNA of a suspect and that found in the crime scene a person can either be convicted of a crime or they can be exonerated. This method of testing gained more publicity in the 1984 case of Kirk Noble Bloodsworth a man who had been convicted of the rape and first degree murder of a nine year old girl in Maryland. His case was a milestone in the criminal justice system since it involved the use of new technology and it also raised the question of how many people had been wrongly incarcerated for a crime they did not commit.

    Read More

  • Unit 18: Genetics And Genetic Engineering

    762 Words  | 2 Pages

    In order to do this a polymer of DNA “unzips” into its two strands, a coding strand (left strand) and a template strand (right strand). Nucleotides of a molecule known as mRNA (messenger RNA) then temporarily bonds to the template strand and join together in the same way as nucleotides of DNA. Messenger RNA has a similar structure to that of DNA only it is single stranded. Like DNA, mRNA is made up of nucleotides again consisting of a phosphate, a sugar, and an organic nitrogenous base. However, unlike in DNA, the sugar in a nucleotide of mRNA is different (Ribose) and the nitrogenous base Thymine is replaced by a new base found in RNA known as Uracil (U)3b and like Thymine can only bond to its complimentary base Adenine. As a result of how it bonds to the DNA’s template strand, the mRNA strand formed is almost identical to the coding strand of DNA apart from these

    Read More

  • The Themes Of DNA And Ridley's Genome By Matt Ridley

    1954 Words  | 4 Pages

    One of society’s problems is that the wrong people are convicted of a crime they did not commit. None have more dire consequences on those than who are wrongly convicted of rape and murder. The punishment for these crimes are as harsh as possible to deter the crimes and when wrongly convicted, the wrong person gets punished while the true perpetrator gets away. In order to increase the chance of convicting the true perpetrator of the crime, the tools to find and convict criminals had to be refined. And it was refined due to extensive research into DNA. This research was done by Alec Jeffreys and Vicky Wilson, the research’s technician, and it found that in the massive amount of junk codes, there exists many repetitious codes that have copied so many times that it varies from person to person. (Ridley 132) This means that people can be identified with only their DNA from their hair, fluids, skin, etc. This discovery has led to convictions of rapists and murderers such as the Pickford case that Ridley wrote about. It has also led to the sentences of many wrongly convicted people to be retracted and this had led to the release of about 200 people known as the DNA 200. (Phelan) Now, most of the world keeps criminals’ genotype information in order to identify repeat offenders. In the United States, every state requires that every convicted

    Read More

  • The Pros And Cons Of Transcription Factors

    1265 Words  | 3 Pages

    What has to happen for a gene to be transcribed? The enzyme RNA polymerase, which makes a new RNA molecule from a DNA template, must attach to the DNA of the gene. It attaches at a spot called the promoter.

    Read More

  • The Pros And Cons Of DNA Evidence

    1658 Words  | 4 Pages

    Some barriers of gaining access to DNA evidence is that it is a secure facility for official personnel that can see and examine the evidence so there is a less chance of it being tampered with. The evidence stays in the labs and the evidence will stay preserved in a safe and protected storage room, unless being presented in court. Criminals don’t have access to it and they have to go through a process to possibly get it retested or in some cases tested for the first

    Read More

  • Dna Collection: Mandatory DNA Collection

    897 Words  | 2 Pages

    Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), plays a significant role in how we make arrests and how we have a successful conviction without trialing the wrong individual or individuals. Felons that have a distinctive connection to an ongoing crime or an earlier crime should mandatorily give up their DNA being that it can ensure safety and clear the inmate of being falsely accused. Many cases need a solid prosecution so they have no room to falsify a person that’s why DNA needs to be obtained with an ease. Cases that were never closed are now being fully investigated due to this unique system that allows us to run finger prints, saliva, hair and even partial evidence can get a lead in a case. If a victim was raped they would administer a rape kit at the consent of the victim to find any traces of DNA left by the perpetrator(s). The DNA collected would be ran through CODIS and NDIS to see if there was a hit off evidence. If a person(s) are taken into custody and found guilty of that crime, their DNA should be further examined to ensure that no other crimes were committed and justice is equally served for one or all victims that has to live with an altered conscience. If they were to refuse, then it could be a big loss to finding if there are more victims and different

    Read More

  • The Forensic Science: The History Of DNA In Forensic Science

    765 Words  | 2 Pages

    DNA in forensic science has been around for a long time. DNA has had help in solving almost every crime committed. There have been a lot of crimes where people are raped or murdered and the person who did it runs free. Scientists can collect the littlest item they see at the scene, such as a cigarette butt or coffee cup and check it for DNA. People have spent years in jail for a crime they didn’t commit till DNA testing came into effect. People are getting out of jail after 20 years for a crime they didn’t commit, cause of the DNA testing. DNA has helped medical researchers develop vaccines for disease causing microbe. DNA has become a standard tool of forensics in many murders and rapes.

    Read More

  • Annotated Bibliography: Policing And Wrongful Conviction

    1534 Words  | 4 Pages

    This has helped convicting people of crimes much easier and efficient. “For the first time, the criminal justice system now has a body of cases in which there is scientific proof that the truth finding mechanisms of the system failed.” The American justice system takes great precautions to make sure people are not falsely convicted band say that “ It is better to let 10 (or 100) guilty people go free than to convict one innocent person”. However nothing is perfect and even our justice system makes mistakes. Without DNA testing Edwin Borchard identified sixty-five cases of wrongful convictions in 1932. Not everyone who is falsely convicted is completely innocent either. They could have just been convicted of a greater charge than what they actually deserved. Most people like this live with

    Read More

  • Genetic Information vs Privacy

    699 Words  | 2 Pages

    The genetic technology revolution has proved to be both a blessing and a blight. The Human Genome Project is aimed at mapping and sequencing the entire human genome. DNA chips are loaded with information about human genes. The chip reveals specific information about the individuals’ health and genetic makeup (Richmond & Germov 2009).The technology has been described as a milestone by many in that it facilitates research, screening, and treatment of genetic conditions. However, there have been fears that the technology permits a reduction in privacy when the information is disclosed. Many argue that genetic information can also be used unfairly to discriminate against or stigmatize individuals (Willis 2009).

    Read More

  • The Collection and Retention of DNA

    1308 Words  | 3 Pages

    The collection of DNA in an investigation is used most often to determine who the perpetrator(s) might be in a crime. There has been a rapid growth since its inception and legal and ethical issues have arisen. In the Double –Helix Double-Edged ...

    Read More

  • Use of DNA in Criminal Investigations

    2857 Words  | 6 Pages

    H.M. Wallace, A.R. Jacksona, J. Gruberb, A.D. Thibedeaub. Forensic DNA databases–Ethical and legal standards, ScienceDirec, 2014.

    Read More

  • DNA Fingerprinting: Cracking Our Genetic Barcode

    591 Words  | 2 Pages

    DNA is a vital tool in forensic medicine, when it comes to tracking down that killer or finding that liar in the courtroom. However, DNA fingerprinting for example is also used to identify what a person did based off of their remains. “The U.S. military takes blood and saliva samples from every recruit so it can identify victims of mass disasters such as airplane crashes.” (Marieb, 2009, p.459). After the 9/11 attacks,

    Read More

  • Overview of the Importance of DNA

    1575 Words  | 4 Pages

    Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, and biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years with accelerated discoveries and insight’s over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be the most important and describe their significance to society, heath, and the culture of modern life.

    Read More

  • Cell Cycle Essay

    1327 Words  | 3 Pages

    During this phase the DNA aka “deoxyribose nucleic acid” clone then forms chromatin. Chromatin is the mass of genetic material that forms into chromosomes. Interphase is divided into smaller parts: G1 Phase, S phase and G2 Phase. Throughout all the phases, the cells continuously develop by producing mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and proteins. The actual division occurs during the S phase bur the G phases are mainly for the purpose of growing. Starting with the G1 phase the cell grows in preparation for certain intracellular components and DNA replication. This phase makes sure the cell is prepared for the process of DNA replication. It reviews the size and environment to ensure that is it ready to go, and cannot leave the G1 until it is complete. But what happens to a cell when it is not complete and cannot exit out of the phase? It will pause and transfer to phase G0. There’s no certain time to be in this phase but it will remain until it reaches the fitting size and is in a supportive surroundings for DNA replication. It will exit either G1 or G0 and there is no other way besides these. Then the cell will advance to the next phase which is the S phase. Synthesis, or more known as S phase is the section of the cell cycle when the DNA is wrapped into chromosomes then duplicated. This is a very important part of the cycle because it grants each of them that is created, to have the exact same genetic

    Read More

More about My DNA: Two-Step Cell Process

Open Document