FOUNDER AND THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE TURKISH REPUBLIC Atatürk was born in 1881 at the Kocakasım ward of Salonika, in a three story pink house located on Islahhane Street. His father is Ali Rıza Efendi and his mother Zübeyde Hanım. His paternal grandfather, Hafız Ahmed Efendi belonged to the Kocacık nomads who were settled in Macedonia during the XIV - XV th centuries. His mother Zübeyde Hanım was the daughter of an Old Turkish family who had settled in the town of Langasa near Salonika. Ali Rıza Efendi, who worked as militia officer, title deed clerk and lumber trader, married Zübeyde Hanım in 1871. Four of the 5 siblings of Atatürk died at early ages and only one sister, Makbule (Atadan) survived, and lived until 1956. Upon reaching school age, little Mustafa started school at the neighborhood classes of Hafız Mehmet Efendi and later, with his father's choice, was transferred to Şemsi Efendi School. He lost his father in 1888 where upon he stayed at the farm of his maternal uncle for a while and returned to Salonika to complete his studies. He registered at the Salonika Mülkiye Rüştiye (secondary school) and soon transferred to the military Rüştiye. While at this school, his math teacher, also named Mustafa, added "Kemal" to his name. He attended the Manastır Military School between 1896 - 1899 and later the Military School in İstanbul from which he graduated in 1902 with the rank of lieutenant. He later entered the Military Academy and graduated on January 11, 1905 with the rank of major. Between 1905 - 1907 he was stationed in Damascus with the 5th. Army. In 1907 he was promoted to the rank of "Kolağası" (senior major) and was posted with the III rd Army , which was stationed in Manastır. He was the Staff Officer of the "Special Troops" (Hareket Ordusu) which entered İstanbul on April 19, 1909. He was sent to Paris in 1910 where he attended the Picardie manuevers. In 1911 he started to work at the General Staff Office in İstanbul. Mustafa Kemal was stationed at Tobruk and Derne regions with a group of his friends during the war which started with the Italian attack on Tripoli. He won the Tobruk battle in 22 December 1911 against the Italians. On March 6, 1912 he was made the Commander of Derne. When the Balkan War started in October 1912, Mustafa Kemal joined the battle with units from Gallipoli and Bolayır.
Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria to Alois and Klara. When he was three years old, his family moved to Passau. Then in 1895 they moved to Hafeld. When he was thirteen, his father passed away leaving his mother, Klara, to raise Adolf and his sister Paula on her own. As a youngster, Hitler went to church regularly. He also spent a lot of time playing cowboys and Indians. His best childhood friend, August Kubizek claimed that Adolf was shy but often busted out in anger. The two became inseparable during their early years. In school, however, Hitler's record wasn't very good, he eventually dropped out before his tuition was over. He dropped out with dreams of becoming an artist. On December 21, 1908, Klara dies from breast cancer. In 1909, Hitler moves into flophouses and hostels in Vienna and stays for four years. Finally in 1913, Hitler leaves Vienna to move to Munich, Germany.
Turkey was allied with the Germans and knocking the Turks out of the war would be a step closer for the British to defeating Germany. If the Gallipoli campaign succeeded this would open up a new front which would be able to draw Central Power troops away from the Western and Eastern fronts and open up a new route to attack Germany and Austria-Hungry. This would tighten the encircling military grip round the Central Powers. If the campaign was successful it would greatly benefit the Russians, who were particularly hard-pressed at the time. By capturing the Dardanelles and Constantinople, the Allies would open up a supply route through the Black Sea and Russian merchant ships could move more freely between Russian Black sea ports and foreign markets.
and Serbia in 1914. It was transformed into a general European struggle by declaration of
was born . He lived his child hood in the Signet, Transylvania . He had three
During the summer of 1941, Chancellor Adolf Hitler initialized “The Final Solution'; to the “Jewish Question';. Hitler started this program because he wanted to create a highly centralized state and one for the master race, Germans. Exterminating Jews was, for Hitler, the only way to create a perfect Germany because it would eliminate the ‘malignant tumors’, the race that caused Germany to lose World War One. Hitler’s decision to start exterminating Jews changed the course of history. In the end, over 6,000,000 Jews were killed and a Jewish state known as Israel, evolved.
...ta, Odessa, and Novorossiysk (Hart 13). The attacks provoked Russia to declare war on Turkey on November 2nd, 1914. The British reacted quickly to the declaration of war and Winston Churchill ordered the British navy to strike at the Turks forts at the entering of the Dardanelles. The next day the British battle ships, attacked the European forts and the French battle ships, bombed the Asiatic forts at the Dardanelles entrance.
Benito Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883 outside the village of Dovia di Predappio in the Northeastern Italian province of Forli. He had one sister and one brother. They always fought and argued over little petty things with each other. His sister name was Edvige and his brother’s name was Armaldo. His mother Rosa Malteni was a well respect and appreciated schoolteacher. His father Allesandro Mussolini was both a blacksmith and a committee socialist. He received his name "Benito" from the Mexican Revolutionary Juarez. Benito grew up as a delinquent, disobedient, and did not have any manners. He was a bully to the other children around him. He would get into numerous of fights with other children.
With brutal charisma and pounding fists, Benito Mussolini called upon the myth of a new roman empire. He made himself its Caesar. Mussolini became the Father of Fascism and seized power by a combination of terror and persuasion. He held Italy firmly in his grasp by crushing his enemies while still promising glory.
	Benito Mussolini was the fascist dictator of Italy for nearly 20 years. Benito was born at Dovia, a suburb of Predappio, in the northcentral part of Italy. His father, Alessando, was a blacksmith. And his mother, Rosa, was a schoolteacher. As a young man, Mussolini was a Socialist with revolutionary tendencies. He was expelled from 2 schools and later was in trouble with the authorities several times. In 1912 he became editor of the Socialist newspaper Avanti, and in 1914 he started his own Socialist newspaper Il Popolo d’Italia. At this time he wrote a novel, then translated into English as the Cardinal’s Mistress. During World War I he served for nearly 2 years as private in the infantry.
Churchill served as a soldier from 1896 to 1897. He also worked as a journalist in India. In 1898 he fought in the battle of Omdurman in Sudan. He was captured by the Boers and made a daring escape. Upon returning to England in 1900, Churchill was very popular and considered a hero.
Rommel was born on November 15, 1891 in Southern Germany. He was the second of four kids to Erwin Rommel senior and Helene Von Luz. His father also worked in artillery in the army. Rommel described his childhood as happy. At an early age he showed ability to make things. He took things part and put them back together and wanted to become an engineer. But, instead he listened to his father’s wishes and joined the army. He became well known after the First World War. He met his wife at cadet school and had a son with her. He also had a daughter from a previous relationship. He was in his daughter’s life but he decided not to stay with her.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is the son of Anna Maria Pertl and pro musician Leopold Mozart, who played violin and worked for the archbishop of Salzburg. Mozart and his sister, Maria Anna, were the only two of their parents’ seven children to survive. Maria Anna was also highly talented. With their father’s guidance, they were both introduced
He was born in Athens into a very wealthy family and as a young man
More murderous than Hitler, more powerful than Stalin, in the battle of the Communist leaders Mao Zedong trumps all. Born into a comfortable peasant family, Mao would rise up to become China’s great leader. After leading the communists away from Kuomintang rule, he set out to modernize China, but the results of this audacious move were horrific. He rebounded from his failures time and again, and used his influence to eliminate his enemies and to purge China of its old ways. Mao saw a brighter future for China, but it was not within his grasp; his Cultural Revolution was not as successful as he had wanted it to be. Liberator, oppressor, revolutionary, Mao Zedong was the greatest emancipator in China’s history, as his reforms and actions changed the history of China and of the wider world.
Mustafa studied at the military secondary school in Selânik, where he was given the additional name Kemal ("perfection") by his math teacher in recognition of his academic brilliance. As Mustafa Kemal he entered the military academy at Monastir (now Bitola) in 1895. He graduated as a lieutenant in 1904 and was posted to Damascus. He soon joined a secret society of reform-minded officers called Vatan (Fatherland) and became an active opponent of the Ottoman regime. In 1907 he was posted to Selânik and joined the Committee of Union and Progress commonly known as the Young Turks.