Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the interruption of signals of the nerve impulses due to the deterioration of the covering of the nerve fibers myelin sheath that covers the nerve fibers and axon in the (CNS) central nervous system and (SC) spinal cord (Compston & Coles, 2008). According to Goodman and Fuller (2015), the primary clinical manifestation of MS is visual deterioration (double vision, nystagmus, etc.) due to the affected optic nerve associated with demyelination of the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, weakness is due to the diminished impulses secondary to the damaged nerve fibers and axons of the spinal cord, sensory and balance deficits as well as fatigue (which occurs in the mid-afternoon) which contribute to the most disabling symptoms …show more content…
Therefore, Asano & Finlayson (2014) collected twenty-five Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) data of comparing the effectiveness of educational programs, rehabilitation regimen and MS medications to help reduce fatigue related to MS. Fatigue is one of the most significant and afflictive manifestation of the disease with adverse implications for general function to well-being (Bakshi, Shaikh, Miletich, Czarnecki, Dmochowski, Henschel, 2000; Fisk, Ritvo, Ross, Haase, Marrie & Schlech, 1994; There are 1,499 participants included in the study; the group was divided into three groups and mostly were female with the age range of twenty-five to fifty-six years old related to MS. The group were distributed evenly and accordingly to the severity of the MS disability. The treatment provided in each group, including ten exercise program (supervised by a physiotherapist and occupational therapies), eight educational therapies (psychotherapies, behavioral) and seven MS medications (managed by nurses). The MS disability status of the patients based on the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (Kurtzke, 1983; Kurtzke, 1984). Asano, et al. (2014) identified that the most favored method for measuring exercise and pharmacological treatment trial is Fatigue Disability Scale (FDS) due to the reliability of the outcome.
The validity of the study: There is a significant validity to the educational group due the
…show more content…
The location of the inflammation or lesions in the brain may be able to determine the symptoms of a person with MS. The primary features of MS consist of voluntary tremor, ataxic dysarthria, and involuntary eye movement. Presently, there is no cure for MS, but there are various non- pharmacological and pharmacological treatment to help manage the relapses, exacerbations, preventing the increased disability, modifying/ controlling the progression of the disease process and for treating the symptoms of the illness (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, n.d.). The physiotherapist has an important role to our patients in maintaining their function, providing education and formulate numerous diverse strategies for effective physical therapy treatment and patient’s safety due to different MS drug cycles and its side
However, I am not going to spend a long time describing the nitty-gritty of this because there is an elephant in the room. Both of these writings are on a terrible chronic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. What’s worse is that millions and millions more do not even know that this disease exists. I remember when I sprained my ankle while playing baseball, it was so bad that I needed crutches for two weeks and had to keep my foot wrapped for multiple weeks after. The incident took me out for the rest of the season, where my little league team got very close to going into the postseason but fell short. Due to my absence, I felt partly responsible for my team’s loss. I cannot begin to fathom the effect that MS would have in my life
Rietberg MB, Brooks D, Uitdehaag BMJ, Kwakkel G. Exercise therapy for multiple sclerosis (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;3.
With MS, most people experience exacerbations, where symptoms get progressively worse, which are then “followed by periods of reduced or no symptoms,” indicative of remission (PubMed Health 2013). Though for many it is “common for the disease to return (relapse), […for some] the disease may continue to get worse without periods of remission” (PubMed Health 2013). Also, the severity of the disorder can be amplified by exposure to extreme heat in addit...
According to National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable, often disabling disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body. The central nervous system (CNS) comprises of the brain and the spinal cord. CNS is coated and protected by myelin sheath that is made of fatty tissues (Slomski, 2005). The inflammation and damage of the myelin sheath causing it to form a scar (sclerosis). This results in a number of physical and mental symptoms, including weakness, loss of coordination, and loss of speech and vision. The way the disease affect people is always different; some people experience only a single attack and recover quickly, while others condition degenerate over time (Wexler, 2013). Hence, the diagnosis of MS is mostly done by eliminating the symptoms of other diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects both men and women, but generally, it is more common in women more than men. The disease is most usually diagnosed between ages 20 and 40, however, it can occur at any age. Someone with a family history of the disease is more likely to suffer from it. Although MS is not
Differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is very broad in nature. About hundred conditions can imitate multiple sclerosis, this figure is rather an under-estimate. However, it is impractical and tedious to perform such differential diagnosis routinely to rule out multiple sclerosis. Instead, key features of each patient allow a rational consideration of relevant alternate diagnosis. Potential multiple sclerosis “mimics” can be easily distinguished from other patients as most relapsing onset patients have either optic neuritis or myelitic syndromes.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complicated chronic deteriorating disease that has an effect on the central nervous system (CNS). This disease causes destruction of the myelin around the nerve fibers. “The exact etiology of Multiple Sclerosis is unknown; however, it is thought to be an immune mediated disease. MS is characterized by CNS inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss” (Compston & Coles, 2008). Typically, it is described by early relapses and remissions of neurological signs of the CNS. This is known as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). MS can be identified by a variety of known risk factors. Multiple Sclerosis can be brought on by a mixture of inherited and environmental risk factors such as smoking or an exposure to a virus like Epstein Barr. The inflammatory process has an interesting role on the central nervous system.
In this essay, the disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS) will be reviewed. This piece of work will lay emphasis on the pathophysiological, psychosocial, economic and cognitive effects it has on the individual, family and society. It will also make mention of how a professional nurse would support the individual, the family/carer, the nursing process and the professional role of the nurse according to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code of conduct which sets a standard for all nurses and midwives (NMC, 2008) . It has been chosen because this chronic disorder is quite prevalent in the UK.
Physical and occupational therapy may also help. Multiple sclerosis is not a fatal disease. Most people with MS have a normal or near-normal life span and usually die from the same conditions that affect general population (heart disease, cancer). Multiple Sclerosis symptoms can negatively affect the quality of life. Suicide rates among patients with multiple sclerosis are higher than average. The majority of patients with MS do not become severely disabled. Women tend to have a better outlook than men. MS has long been known, yet diagnosis remains difficult due to the complexity of the disease and its wide array of signs and symptoms. Treating MS still relies on symptomatic relief, but therapeutic advances in the form of DMDs have shown promising
Multiple Sclerosis is a nervous system disease that affects the spinal cord and the brain by damaging the myelin sheaths that protects nerve cells. Destroyed myelin prevents messages from communicating and sending properly from the brain, through the spinal cord, to internal body parts. In the United States, more than 350,000 people are diagnosed with this disease. Anyone can get this disease, but it is more common among Caucasian women. MS symptoms begin between the ages 20-40 and are caused by nerve lesions being present in multiple areas of the Central Nervous System, symptoms differ on the lesion’s location.
Describe the differences in the results between the groups in the study and support your description with examples from the study
Validity is one of the most important aspects of a research study ( ). Validity establishes how accurate and credible ( ) the findings are and how thorough one's research is and did the study measure what it intended to measure ( ). There are four main types of validity in research: conclusion validity, internal validity, external validity, and construct validity. This paper will compare and contrast the characteristics of external, internal, and construct validity. It will also identify the threats associated with external and construct validity and the impact of such treats in research.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the Central Nervous System (CNS) which affects all ages and gender. MS is currently the leading cause of disability in young adults and found to be more prevalent in women and affects 2.5 million people worldwide. “Multiple Sclerosis is a progressive chronic immune - mediated disease characterized by disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord” (Mahan, Escott-Stump, 2008).
...the data did not involve member checking thus reducing its robustness and enable to exclude researcher’s bias. Although a constant comparative method was evident in the discussion which improved the plausibility of the final findings. Themes identified were well corroborated but not declared was anytime a point of theoretical saturation Thus, the published report was found to be particularly strong in the area of believability and dependability; less strong in the area of transferability; and is weak in the area of credibility and confirmability, although, editorial limitations can be a barrier in providing a detailed account (Craig & Smyth, 2007; Ryan, Coughlan, & Cronin, 2007).
Participants Participants in this study were all psychology students from the only summer section of research and statistics method class from the Northeastern University. The sample included 18 participants (5 males,17 females and 1 unknown). Age mean amongst the class (M= 26.39), with a stand deviation of (SD =4.075). The study was introduced by instruction before the conduction of the experiment. One student did withdrew from the study before the conduction.
The nervous system plays a major role in co-ordinating and controlling the body’s activities. It is made up of billions of nerve cells. These cells are linked to form a massive communications network. Nerve cells carry messages in the form of electrical impulses. These impulses are carried at high speed around the body to keep it safe and functioning normally. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease which progressively injures the nerves of the brain and spinal cord. Injury to the nerves in multiple sclerosis may be reflected by alterations of virtually any sensory or motor (muscular) function in the body.