Introduction
Multicellular organisms continue to undergo many life sustaining processes. Metabolism is described as the aggregate total of chemical reactions occurring in an organism. Metabolic processes and can be categorized as either anabolic, synthesizing complex molecules, or catabolic, breaking down complex molecules. Both catabolic and anabolic processes require the use of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. As catabolic reactions break down molecules, energy is released as bonds are broken to disrupt the molecules. Anabolic reactions synthesize reactions, thus require an input of energy to form these bonds. The input and release of energy comes from aerobic respiration, which converts oxygen and glucose into carbon
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When placed in the controlled environment of ambient water, they exhibited normal behavior, swimming at moderate speeds, not making sharp turns, or hitting the enclosed system. They consumed 232 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour per kilogram of fish. Under the 17˚C water conditions, the orange fish had rapid movements where it would repeatedly hit the top of the closed system. They consumed 77 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour per kilogram of fish.
In the second trial, the fishes together weighed 7.22 grams. When placed in the ambient water, the fishes exhibited normal behavior. They consumed 199 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour per kilogram of fish. Under the 18˚C water conditions, both fishes exhibited moderate, normal movement. They consumed 150 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour per kilogram of fish.
The mean oxygen consumption rate per kilogram for the controlled experiments was 325 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour per kilogram of fish and the mean for the experimental experiments was 19 milligrams of oxygen consumed per liter per hour per kilogram of fish. With a total of 6 trials, the t-test value was 1.6179 and the p-value obtained was 0.165. However, excluding trials with positive slopes, with 3 trials, the t-test value was 1.2649, the p-value obtained was 0.296, the mean was 587 milligrams of oxygen consumed per liter per hour per kilogram in the controlled experiment, and the
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If the p-values were below a 0.05 significance level, then the data will be considered statistically significant. However, the t-test value of 1.6179 and a p-value of 0.165 for 6 trials, the t-test indicates that the null hypothesis is retained and can conclude that there is no effect on Carassius auratus metabolism when temperatures are lowered. In addition, excluding trials with positive slopes gives a t-value of 1.2649 and a p-value of 0.296 for 3 trials, still indicating that the null hypothesis is retained. The trials with positive slopes were excluded because respiration requires the depletion of oxygen, not the creation of it as a product. The Q10 value, a quantity that measures an organism’s physiological temperature sensitivity due to an increase of 10˚C, demonstrated a change in metabolic rate due to change in temperature with values of 3.97 and 1.50, especially since the values are greater than 1. A Q10 of nearly 4 indicated that when temperature increased by 10˚C, the metabolic rate would increase four-fold. In the scenario of the second trial, the metabolic rate increased by a factor of
Schilt, C. R. (2007). Developing fish passage and protection at hydropower dams. Applied Animal Behaviour Scence, 104, 295-325.
To begin the lab, the variable treatment was prepared as the Loggerlite probe, used to later measure oxygen consumption, warmed up for approximately 10 minutes. To prepare the variable treatment, 200ml of Sodium and Ammo-lock water was measured in a container and a pre-prepared “tea bag” of tobacco was steeped in the room temperature treated water until a light yellow color was visible. After preparing the tobacco solution the preparation for the live goldfish began as two beakers were filled with 100 ml of treated water. Each beaker was weighed before addi...
Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body. Metabolism is a continuous process because the molecules and even most cells of the body have brief lifetimes and are constantly replaced, while tissue as a whole maintains its characteristic structure. This constant rebuilding process without a net change in the amount of a cell constituent is known as dynamic equilibrium (Grolier1996). In the combustion of food, oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is given off. The rate of oxygen consumption indicates the energy expenditure of an organism, or its metabolic rate (Grolier1996).
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Respiration in Yeast There are two types of respiration in yeast: Aerobic: [IMAGE] Anaerobic: Glucose [IMAGE] Carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy Respiration is controlled by enzymes, which are proteins which speed up one or more biological reactions. Within any cell many chemical reactions are going on at any one time. Yeast has many different types of enzymes that speed up respiration. Prediction I predict that as temperature increases, the rate will also increase, until a certain optimum temperature, after which, the rate will decrease until the rate is zero as respiration has stopped completely. Reason
Since three-forth of the world is composed of bodies of water, it’s natural that a great number of people rely on fishing for their livelyhood or just for their recreation needs. There are numerous of fish species swimming under the lakes, seas, ponds, and rivers. Most anglers consider fishing as the delight in their purpose-driven life, a sport, as they say.
Earth's oceans make up over 75% of the Earth as a whole. With that being said, it is vital to understand the significance on the contents of the oceans. Since fish and marine products make up a large portion of our diet, fishing practices need to be properly managed. In this essay, overfishing will be defined, its consequences will be revealed, and plans for proper fish distribution will be executed.
The study used a variety of species of fish, crab, shrimp, lobster, and other crustaceans known to live on the bottom waters of the Long Island Sound were exposed to low levels of oxygen in the laboratory. The effect of different concentration of oxygen on growth and survival was measured.
For this experiment, it is important to be familiar with the diving reflex. The diving reflex is found in all mammals and is mainly focused with the preservation of oxygen. The diving reflex refers to an animal surviving underwater without oxygen. They survive longer underwater than on dry land. In order for animals to remain under water for a longer period of time, they use their stored oxygen, decrease oxygen consumption, use anaerobic metabolism, as well as aquatic respiration (Usenko 2017). As stated by Michael Panneton, the size of oxygen stores in animals will also limit aerobic dive capacity (Panneton 2013). The temperature of the water also plays a role. The colder the water is, the larger the diving reflex of oxygen.
Our metabolism, “the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions”, manages energy usage and production of cells. We use energy constantly and our metabolism breaks down food through complex chemical reactions into energy our cells
However, the decrease varied depending on the temperature. The lowest temperature, 4 degrees Celsius, experienced a very low decrease of amylose percentage. Temperature at 22 degrees Celsius and 37 degrees Celsius, both had a drastic decrease in amylose percentage. While the highest temperature, 70 degrees Celsius, experienced an increase of amylose percentage. In conclusion, as the temperature increases the percentage of amylose decreases; however, if the temperature gets too high the percentage of amylose will begin to increase. The percentage of amylose increases at high temperatures because there is less enzyme activity at high temperatures. However, when the temperature is lower, more enzyme activity will be present, which results in the decrease of amylose percentage. This is why there is a decrease of amylose percentage in 4, 22, and 37 degrees Celsius. In this experiment the optimal temperature is 37 degrees Celsius, this is because this is the average human body temperature. Therefore, amylase works better at temperatures it is familiar
• Understand the movement of fish. Since small water bodies have limited oxygen supply, fish tend to stay shallower. On the contrary, fish in larger lakes have adequate oxygen supply; hence, fish tend to stay where there is food. The fish may also stay deeper because the temperature of the deep water is slightly higher.
The experiment measured the survival rate, the growth rate, and the size of the brine shrimp at the time harvested in various environments. To obtain these measurements, three environments were created: sea water, brackish water, and freshwater. For this experiment the scientists used 5 liter plastic buckets. Every two days, half of the water from each bucket was discarded and new water, of each respective salinity, was added into each bucket...
Madar, Sylvia S., & Windelspecht, Michael. (2014). Inquiry into Life, Metabolism: Energy & Enzymes (pp. 104-107). New York: McGraw Hill.
Overfishing is the most major problem related to oceans, but it is also the most overlooked. Fishing has been going on for thousands of years, and fish have always been seen as a renewable resource, that would replenish itself forever for our benefit. But around the world there is evidence that fish are not recove...
The temperature of the water shows if the temperature in which catalase reacts in has an effect on the amount of oxygen produced. Every enzyme has an optimum amount of pH, which allows it to have a higher reaction velocity (WBC).The higher the reaction velocity the more reactive the enzyme is. Measuring the different amount of pH solutions and their effect on the amount of oxygen produced can show the optimum pH for catalase and the effect pH has on catalase. The data that these three independent variables will yield will allow us to better understand the effects concentration, temperature and pH have on the enzyme catalase. If catalase reacts at full concentration, 37 degrees celsius and a pH of eight the enzyme catalase will produce more oxygen than if it is at room temperature, a lower concentration and a more acidic base because the higher temperature will allow molecules to move faster and have a higher chance to collide and react, a higher concentration will create a higher enzyme to substrate ratio which allows it to react more and finally a more basic pH will allow it catalase to have a higher reaction