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Emerging disease lymes disease
Emerging disease lymes disease
Epidemiological analysis of lyme disease
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Lyme disease is a bacterial disease caused by a spirochete, a corkscrew shaped bacterium, called Borrelia burgdorferi. It is spread by deer ticks in the eastern part of the United States and black legged ticks on the West. Many people think that it is only on the east coast but it can be found all over the Unites States and in sixty other countries throughout the world and on every continent except Antarctica. The estimated amount of people diagnosed with Lyme disease each year in the United States is around three hundred thousand, but there has only been twenty three cases were people that have died from it. The blood test for Lyme disease can come back negative for a patient even when the person has it which makes them unreliable to help
On December 15, the patient comes in for his check up. The physician tells the patient his blood test was positive for Lyme and prescribes the patient antibiotics. However the patient now tells the doctor that he is still experiencing the weakness and fatigue even after the doctor’s advice. He also says he is having slight trouble swallowing foods and speech has become slurred and nasally at times. Due to the patients broad range of symptoms, the physician suggests the patient either get an electromyography o...
They have a distinctive corkscrew motility with the aid of 6 endoflagellas (2). The specific classifications of Treponema pallidum are the following: Scientific name- Treponema pallidum, Common name- Syphilis. Treponema causes syphilis, yaws, and spinitis. Borrelia causes Lyme disease and relapsing fever and Leptospira causes leptospirosis (5). What makes this microorganism special to the human population is that it causes infection to its host by entering the body through microscopic skin or mucous abrasions via direct personal contact with the lesions (sexual or kissing), blood transfusions, accidental bacterial inoculation, and transplacental passage (2).
Legionnaires’ disease is an infectious disease caused most often by the bacteria Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila). The disease resembles severe pneumonia. Legionnaires’ disease is sometimes called “Legion Fever.” It was first discovered in 1976 when there was a pneumonia outbreak among people attending a convention of the American Legion in Philidelphia. In January of 1977 the bacteria was discovered as the causative agent of the outbreak. While outbreaks receive substantial media attention, thousands of people are exposed to the bacteria each year and never have any serious signs or symptoms of the disease. The elderly, immunocompromised and smokers are the most susceptible. Most outbreaks that do occur are in the summer when water temperatures naturally rise. Fatality rate of the disease ranges from 5 to 30 percent (The Mayo Clinic, 2008).
“Legionnaires’ disease is a bacterial infection caused primarily by the species Legionella pneumophila, it was initially recognized as the cause of a 1976 outbreak of respiratory disease outbreak in Philadelphia. Legionellosis infection occurs after persons have breathed mists that come from a water source. The most recent outbreak of Legionnaires’disease is in New York City, in the Bronx, with a total of ten deaths and more than one hundred outbreaks, which were traced to a cooling tower, deaths have also been reported in Michigan, and Ohio.
This parasite is spread through the bite of sandflies. There are three different types of infections and they each show varying degrees of severity. The cutaneous form produces mild skin ulcers, mucocutaneous produces ulcers in the mouth and nose, and the visceral form of the disease starts with skin ulcers and then fever, low red blood cell count, and an enlarged spleen and liver. The parasite is detected by a microscope and visceral can also be found by doing blood tests. 12 million people are in infected in 98 different countries and 2 million new cases are found every year. The disease also kills around 20 to 50 thousand people a year.
Imagine being sick for months and months. Each day you discover new symptoms, and the ones you already had are continually getting worse. You go to the doctors because it has reached a point where you have Googled all your symptoms, Web MD says you are dying, The doctor says that your labs came back normal and therefore “it's all in your head”. The eventual diagnosis was Lyme Disease which is a vector-borne illness, that is transmitted by an insect bite, spider bite, and in some cases sexually transmitted. The effects of the disease on a Lyme patient’s body differentiates from person to person due to the fact that Lyme is not the only infection you acquire when you develop Lyme Disease. Lyme bacteria
Longhorns carried the ticks but were immune to the fever. A few farmers were so
The first symptom my uncle experienced was a rash that covered his whole body, followed by flu-like symptoms. I recall my aunt saying she thought it was West Nile, but it took her a month to convince the doctors to run the test. Coincidentally, the first symptom my dad had was the same rash and flu-like symptoms, so my mom immediately suspected West Nile. Over a period of two weeks my dad saw three different emergency room physicians who all said it was not West Nile, even though they had not tested him for it. Eventually our family doctor was convinced to run the test and seven days later we had the diagnosis of West Nile Virus. After getting the diagnosis, my mom returned to all three of the emergency room physicians with a copy of my dad’s
Symptoms of the disease begin to occur shortly after being bitten. A chancre forms around where the person has been bitten and soon the parasite enters the lymphatic system. The immune response it triggers in the immune system causes the lymph nodes to swell especially on the necks. The severe swelling of the lymph nodes on the dorsal side of the neck is known as Winterbottom’s sign, and is a tell-tale sign of sleeping sickness. The parasite soon finds its way into the blood stream after invading the lymphatic system. From the bloodstream, the parasite is free to travel and harm any organ and cause damage all throughout the body. The parasite targets smooth and skeletal muscle and is often fatal because of the damage it causes to cardiac muscle. The disease begins to wreak havoc on the nervous system when the parasite enters the brain which constitutes stage II trypanosomiasis. The person’s sleep cycles are disrupted, and fatigue, insomnia, and confusion...
He noticed the rash 4 days ago but is uncertain when it truly began. He went on a hiking retreat at Wharton state forest about two weeks ago and since then believes he has had seasonal allergies and has felt a little “hot.” Patient is in good health and does not have any medical problems. Upon examination, a rash of bull’s eye appearance measuring 7 cm in diameter was noted on the patient’s right shoulder. Serological testing was submitted for Lyme disease which were positive for the tick-borne
For my outbreak paper, I wanted to choose an existing disease that was extremely deadly and find possible scenarios of this disease’s transmission to the US. The disease I chose is called Marburg disease. I chose this disease because of its similarities to Ebola, which is also a very known deadly disease. Marburg has a high mortality rate, and fast progression form being healthy to being on your death bed. To create an outbreak for Marburg we need to understand the epidemiology of the disease including where it is from, how it moves, and if there are any treatments to prevent this disease. Unfortunately, Marburg was discovered accidently by trying to find a vaccine for polio.
A little boy, a husband, and a marathon runner suffer from parasites in their immune systems. Parasites are organisms that live in or on a host. Steve and Laury’s 9 year old son Chris gets infected by a parasite. His temperature rose to 110 fahrenheit. At one point his eyes started to roll back. Seizures started to occur frequently. The doctors revelead that after an MRI he had encephalitis.It causes inflimation to the affected area but inflamation in the brain can be very dangerous. Steroids were used as a testing to see if it was possible for him to get better. Acanthamoeba was tested positive on his body. It enters the body through the nose or skin travels to the brain and feeds of cells.
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) also known as Rabbit Fever, is a potentially dangerous bacteria that is found in rabbits, hares, prairie dogs, other small animals, including pet hamsters. It is contracted by approximately 4 individuals a year living in Oregon. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “humans become infected mainly through the bite of arthropods, particularly ticks and mosquitoes, and through the skin, conjunctival sac or oropharyngeal mucosa, by direct contact with infected animals or animal materials and by ingestion of contaminated food or water or inhalation of contaminated dust or aerosols.” According to Oregon Health Authority Tularemia is found in over 250 species of animals, like rabbits, birds, mammals,
In spite of the positive influences of biological/chemical weapons, there are many more negative effects, including the immense terrorist threat. Because biological and chemical weapons can be a seemingly effortless construction, the possibility of terrorist use is always evident: “If a bioterrorist attack were to happen, Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria that causes anthrax, would be one of the biological agents most likely to be used" (“Anthrax”). According to the CDC, anthrax is a likely bioterrorist weapon for a few main reasons: including the former use, the spores can be found in nature or produced in a scientific lab, the spores are microscopic and near impossible to detect, and the spores can be put into many environments and still
Lyme disease is the most common systematic, bacterial, tick-borne disease with symptoms that include severe headache, rash, arthritis, fever,joint aches, and cardiac abnormalities. The journal article, “Lyme Disease In Outdoor Workers: Risk Factors, Preventive Measures, And Tick Removal Methods” has written by Brian S. Schwartz and Michael D. Goldstein. The article depicts a statewide cross-sectional case study of risk factors of seropositivity...