Introduction
Lateral epicondylitis, better known as “Tennis elbow” is a form of tendonitis. It causes the tendons within the bony structure to swell; it can also cause pain in the elbow which radiates to the arm. The article from WebMD states “These tendons are tough tissues that connect the muscles of your lower arm to the bone”1. Commonly referred to tennis elbow, someone can get this form of tendonitis without playing tennis a day in their lives. It is usually a result of overworking or repetitive motion of those tendons.
Symptoms
Overworking the tendons in your elbow that cause swelling can come from a variety of ways. The most common way someone can get tennis elbow is from the over use of the tendons and it does not happen all at once, it develops over time. The cause is repeated contraction of the fore arm muscles that you use to straighten and raise your hand and wrist. The Mayo Clinic staff stated that if “The repeated motions and stress to the tissue may result in a series of tiny tears in the tendons that attach the forearm muscles to the bony prominence at the outside of your elbow”2. There are many other common motions that can cause tennis elbow, they are as follows:
• Painting
• Cutting
• Raking
• Knitting
• Typing
• Carpentry
A person can perform these daily activities, and not even know they are hurting themselves until it is too late. To understand why tennis elbow can be so painful you need a deeper look into what structures make up the elbow and how it can become inflamed.
Joint classification
The elbow is more complex than you would imagine. It includes structures such as muscles, bones, tendons, and bursa and nerve innervations. All of these components must work together so that your elbow functio...
... middle of paper ...
...nd at the lateral epicondyle on palpation and during resisted dorsiflexion of the wrist). People under 18 years old were excluded from the trial and treatment with GC injection within 3 months, inflammatory diseases and conditions causing chronic pains.
The intervention was the patients were randomized to a single US-guided injection of PRP, GC or saline, administered by the 1 physician who had made their diagnosis. All patients were blindfolded during blood collection and injection. They all received an injection of 10-15 mL of lidocaine into the peritendon before the procedure. After the treatment patients were asked to use the arm minimally for 3 days and then gradually return to normal use.
The dropout rate of this trial was 58% at 3 months showed that none of PRP, GC or saline injections adequately reduced the pain and disability of lateral epicondylitits.” 5
One of the most important muscles in both a mink and a human are those of the arms and shoulders because of their involvement with movement. One of the primal movers of arm abduction along the frontal plane is the deltoid muscle found in both minks and humans. In both species, deltoid muscles allow for the abduction of the humerus. The next two muscles are the biceps brachii and its opposing muscle the triceps brachii. The biceps brachii consists of two heads, which arise from the scapula and join to form a single muscle that ends upon the upper forearm. The most important functions of the biceps brachii are the supination of the forearm and the flexing of the elbow. The triceps brachii on the other hand extends the forearm in both minks and humans and has three heads as opposed to two in its antagonist biceps brachii (Scott). The origin of the triceps brachii is also from the scapula like the biceps brachii. In a mink, the extensor digitorium originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus yet in humans it is present in the posterior forearm and is responsible for extending the phalanges, wrist, and elbow in both species. Anothier muscle with similar functions to the extensor digitorium is the flexor carpi ulnaris but instead it is soley responsible for flexin...
On History- The patient was a 49-year-old Caucasian male with a chief complaint of pain and weakness in R shoulder abduction and external rotation (dominant shoulder). He was a retired baseball player. He has been a baseball pitcher for 12 years before he retired 5 years
... It is not completely clear how it is that a tendon becomes a ligament, although Dr. Akizuki thinks that range of motion exercises help the tendon learn that it is being used as a ligament now and that it needs to adopt. Surgeons don't go back in to biopsy the repaired elbow to see how the tissue has changed, but follow-up MRIs show that the new tissue is acting as a ligament should.
Skjong, C. C., Meininger, A. K., & Ho, S. S. (2012). Tendinopathy treatment: Where is the Evidence? Clinics in Sports Medicine , 31 (2), 329-350.
Repeated stress from the above sports can cause the tendon to pull away from the shinbone, resulting in the pain and swelling associated with Osgood-Schlatter Disease(Diseases and Conditions: Osgood-Schlatter Disease).... ... middle of paper ... ... With over half of them engaging in some athletic activity, it is possible that 2 million American boys and girls may contract OS yearly (Osgood-Schlatter Disease).
Imagine living in a world where everything is super-sized. Imagine having to step on a stool to crawl into bed, or having to climb onto a shelf to be able to reach a light switch. Most of all, imagine having to look up to your much taller younger sister when she speaks to you. Situations like these are what Ivy Broadhead, a teenager with achondroplasia, have to go through everyday.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory and an autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissue (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017). This disease affects the entire body, which is called a systemic (means entire body) disease. Arthritis is derived from the word part arthr-, which means “joint,” and -itis, which means “inflammation,” so altogether it means “inflammation of the joints.” It creates inflammation that causes the tissue that lines the inside of joints (synovium) to thicken. About 1.5 million people in the U.S. are affected. It affects all races, but it affects three times as many women than men (What is Rheumatoid Arthritis, n.d.). Overtime, rheumatoid arthritis causes painful swelling that can potentially result in bone erosion or joint deformity, which leads up to physical disabilities. RA can affect more than just your joints, but can spread to body systems, skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, e.t.c (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017).
The surfaces of the joint are organised to allow only back and forth motion such as bending and straightening. This type of joint can be found between your upper arm and your lower arm, in the elbow. This type of joint is incredibly important as it allows an up and down movement, without this type of joint, we wouldn’t be able to move our arm up and down. Muscles are attached to this type of joint by tendons to allow it to contract and relax and be able to move the bone within this joint. Ligaments attach the bones in a hinge joint together, for example, the humerus and the tibia are joined by ligaments but they also have antagonist muscle pairs attached to them by tendons which allow the bone to move by contraction and relaxation of the muscles.
A hypothesis that can be made from the patient’s report is that she is suffering from cervical radiculopathy, or a nerve root lesion. Symptoms that describe cervical radiculopathy include: arm pain in a dermatome distribution, pain increased by extension, rotation, and/or side flexion, possible relief of pain from arm positioned overhead, affected sensation, altered hand function, no spasticity, and no change to gait or bowel and bladder function (Magee, 2008, p. 142). These symptoms correlate to what the patient reported as a result of her injury. She stated that her pain is in the posterolateral upper and lower arm with aching and paresthesia in the thumb and index finger, which is in the dermatome pattern of cervical root 5 and 6 (C5, C6) (Magee, 2008, p. 25). She also reports lancinating pain with extension or rotation to the right of her head.
Rheumatoid Arthritis is when the joints are chronically inflamed, which happens because it is an autoimmune disease which means that the immune system attacks the body tissues. Although Rheumatoid Arthritis mainly affects the joints, it can also affect other organs.
This case involved a 53 year old man who sustained a significant tear of his rotator cuff while playing baseball. He underwent surgical repair and was given a referral for physical therapy. The referral was to begin passive ROM 3 times per week for 2 weeks then initiate a supervised home program of active exercise for 2 weeks, and elastic resistance exercises for internal and external rotation every other day for a month. 2 weeks after surgery, he had his first PT visit in a sports medicine clinic that was managed by an athletic trainer (ATC).”
Elbow sleeves help the muscles to recover after rigorous exercises or after exerting or injuring them. This fast recovery ability of the elbow sleeve is as a result of its efficient blood circulation property that easily gets blood pumped to the injured area. The cost of getting an elbow sleeve is relatively cheap compared to the many benefits it offers. Now you know that these beautiful looking elbow sleeves do more than just adding some touch of beauty or color to the athletes who wear
For some people, the pain from sciatica can be severe and debilitating. For others, the pain from sciatica might be infrequent and irritating but has the potential to get worse.
Lateral Epicondylitis also called Tennis elbow is a condition triggered by the frequent use of the elbow joint (Saladin,