Knowledge and Belief
The knowledge being talked about in the question is propositional
knowledge. An example of prepositional knowledge is; “my name is
Bert” justified true belief, is a proposition that someone feels is
correct and for which they have a cogent argument for believing so and
which is in fact true. But is knowledge equivalent to justified true
belief? For knowledge to be equivalent to justified true belief, it
follows that justified true belief is necessary and sufficient for
knowledge.
Belief is necessary for knowledge, since without belief you would be
unable to maintain that you knew a certain proposition. For example
you may say that you know that you are holding a pen in your hand but
unless you believed you were holding a pen in your hand you couldn’t
know that.
Some level of justification is also necessary for knowledge, since to
feel that you know something you must have some cogent argument to
allow yourself to believe it. For example “I can see water hitting
the window, so it must be raining”.
Truth is also necessary for knowledge since if something is not true
it follows that it cannot be held to be knowledge. For example a
psychic who predicts that a card picked from a pack will be a six of
hearts, even though he has got the card right for the last 100 times
cannot be said to know the card will be a six of hearts until it is
picked from the pack. So all three are necessary for knowledge an
example would be “I know it is raining since water is falling from the
clouds above my head”.
The only question left is; are these three criteria sufficient? It
would seem that they are, however it is possible to think of
situations where a true belief can be based on a falsehood. These
cases are known as Gettier cases an example is as follows; imagine a
man is sleeping under a tree which has leaves thick enough to stop any
I thumbed through my cards for the fourth consecutive time, and I could still not decide which one to throw. I glanced up from my cards and caught a glimpse of each player. I immediately felt the intensity of my brother's eyes glaring at me from across the table. He did not provide me with the support and reassurance I was looking for from my partner. I shifted my eyes to the right. My mother, having just discarded a five of clubs and seeing that it was of no use to me, was sipping coffee with a carefree grin of relief. Then I peered directly at the most intimidating canasta player I have ever encountered. Great Grandma Rose was calmly humming a tuneless tune which added to her enigma. As this crafty eighty-eight year old lady squinted at her cards through her bifocals, I knew that time was running out; I had to make my decision. The most obvious choice was to discard the king of spades for which I had no use, but I was afraid that she was waiting for this card. My alternative was to break up my meld and throw the six of clubs, a card which I felt somewhat safe in throwing.
The meaning behind handwriting and letters is by far much deeper. It takes a few effortless seconds to glide ones fingers across a screen and send a text. The effort put into a text does not compare to the time thought out in physical form. You have the power to alter peoples judgement.
Out of This World is an outstanding card effect that many magicians have improved upon and performed with their own unique twist, including me. Out of this world has been billed as “The Greatest Card Trick of The Last Century,” and also “The Trick That Fooled Winston Churchill.” According to Curry a magician by the name of Harry Green performed Out of This World for Churchill, the effect fooled Churchill so he demanded it be shown to him again. Harry Green did so, he performed it six more times for Churchill and left him completely baffled every time. The method is simple yet deceptive, and it is truly a classic of card magic. So now with much excitement, I present to you my re-telling of Paul Curry’s Out of This
The movie “PRECIOUS KNOWLEDGE” is about the state of Arizona banning ethnic studies. The movie’s main focus is on Tucson High school, specifically the class known as the Mexican American/Raza Studies. They learned about the honest truths about America along with their own culture. However, many politicians saw this class as un-American and “Stalinist”. This movie showed that the students became thriving adults because they were able to learn about their own cultures. During a political meeting, many politicians felt like this was an unnecessary class that was wasting their tax dollars. One law maker goes as far to say that if Mexican Americans want to learn about their culture, they should go back to Mexico. Many people saw these Mexican American students as lazy and disinterested. This is related to the “canary in the mind pit” analogy because
To believe something is to know it so in order to know something, it is not enough to believe it- you have to learn it or have a good reason to believe it. Skepticism talks about two types of position: knowledge and justification. The skeptic argues that we do not know what we think we do it is only a thought. Skepticism of knowledge says there is no such thing as knowledge, and justification denies the belief of justified belief existing. These two are closely related which depends on the relationship between the factors of knowledge and justification: if knowledge entails justified belief, as theorists say, then justification skepticism entails knowledge skepticism. Gettier and Nozick broke down the subject and explain their point of views of it. To defend these views, skeptics lay out many requirements for knowledge or justified belief, and try to show that these requirements are not met. It still stand that’s why if I know something and I believe it that which I claim knowledge then why do I need a reason to believe it? Is black white?
The probability of getting a blackjack in the first two cards is P = 32/663 =4.827%
For example: There are 52 cards used in the game. There are 4 aces. Calculate the chance that the first 2 cards that are drawn are both aces.
Pope John Paul II once said, “Faith and reason are like two wings on which the human spirit rises to the contemplation of truth; and God has placed in the human heart a desire to know the truth – in a word, to know himself – so that, by knowing and loving God, men and women may also come to the fullness of truth about themselves.” (Fallible Blogma) Based on this significant and powerful quote, one can infer that faith and reason are directly associated and related. It can also be implied that the combination of faith and reason allows one to seek information and knowledge about truth and God; based on various class discussions and past academic teachings, it is understood that both faith and reason are the instruments that diverse parties are supposed to use on this search for truth and God. There are many stances and viewpoints on the issues of faith and reason. Some believe that both of these ideas cannot and should not be combined; these parties deem that faith and reason must be taken as merely separate entities. However, this writer does not understand why both entities cannot be combined; both terms are so closely compatible that it would make sense to combine the two for a common task. Based on various class discussions and readings, there are many philosophers and theologians who have certain opinions regarding faith, reason and their compatibility; these philosophers include Hildegard of Bingen, Ibn Rushd, Moses Maimonides, and St. Thomas Aquinas. The following essay will examine each of the previously stated philosopher’s viewpoints on faith and reason, and will essentially try to determine whether or not faith and reason are ultimately one in the same.
"When an ace came up, he put his heel down…second ace, foot to the left…third ace, up on his toe and forth ace, foot to the right." Anthony then counted 2's and 8's as +1, 3's 4's 6's and 7's as +2, 5's +3, 9's --1, and 10's and face cards as --3. Whenever his count went positive he boosted his average bets and winnings.
thing about me is that I hate writing anything with a pen and a paper. Most of the time
In today’s modern western society, it has become increasingly popular to not identify with any religion, namely Christianity. The outlook that people have today on the existence of God and the role that He plays in our world has changed drastically since the Enlightenment Period. Many look solely to the concept of reason, or the phenomenon that allows human beings to use their senses to draw conclusions about the world around them, to try and understand the environment that they live in. However, there are some that look to faith, or the concept of believing in a higher power as the reason for our existence. Being that this is a fundamental issue for humanity, there have been many attempts to explain what role each concept plays. It is my belief that faith and reason are both needed to gain knowledge for three reasons: first, both concepts coexist with one another; second, each deals with separate realms of reality, and third, one without the other can lead to cases of extremism.
Welcome back to Divination. Over the past few weeks we have looked into many different ways to unleash your inner eye. Today we shall be looking at an art form that is very close to my own heart. Cartomancy, more commonly known as Tarot is a valuable skill for any Seer to learn. You will see on the table in front of you my own Tarot deck laid out. I must ask that you do not touch, as you may
Magic tricks have fascinated people of all ages for centuries. From David Copperfield to Chris Angel, many performers use magic to amaze and astound. One of the least elaborate types of magic tricks is the card trick. There are two main types of card tricks: there are mathematical card tricks and sleight of hand card tricks. The former are simple to learn, but do not impress audiences. To really attract attention, an aspiring magician should learn sleight of hand card tricks. Sleight of hand card tricks are tricks that use misdirection and special manipulations of a deck of cards to do something seemingly impossible. The techniques involved require much practice. While performing a sleight of hand trick, a magician must constantly be distracting the audience. Because of this, many people believe that they are not capable of learning sleight of hand magic. In order to prove them wrong, I will describe a simple sleight of hand trick that anyone can learn, as long as they remember that we all have the potential inside of us to do magic.
“If I got you that card now, then it wouldn't be a surprise later,” my