1. Introduction:
Atresia ani is a congenital defect of anorectum that can affect kitten and puppy. Affected animals will have abnormal routing of feces or anal canal closure (Bright & Bauer, 1994). It is uncommon to found atresia ani case in small animals and the true incidence of atresia ani cases cannot be determined as most of the affected newborn kittens or puppies will be euthanized due to the hypothesis that surgical repair for atresia ani is usually unsuccessful (Prassinos et al.,. 2003; Mahler & Williams, 2005;Viana & Tobias, 2005). Atresia ani is less acute in female when the cases is accompanied by a rectovaginal fistula as feces can be voided through vaginal and often the affected animals can live for few weeks without any serious illness (Kersjes et al., 1985). Rectovaginal fistula is a structure which accompanied atresia ani and it had been seen in certain atresia ani cases. The fistula connects the ventral wall of the terminal rectum with the dorsal wall of vagina which allowed feces to be voided through the vaginal opening (Suess ., 1982). Atresia ani can be classified into four different classes, which including congenital stenosis (Type I), imperforate anus alone (Type II), or combined with more cranial termination of the rectum as a blind pouch (Type III), and discontinuity of the proximal rectum with normal anal and terminal rectal development (Type IV), (Vianna and Tobias, 2005). The reported case in my report was a type II atresia ani kitten with presence of rectovaginal fistula.
2. Case report
Three months old, 0.6 kg female domestic short hair kitten was presented to University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University Putra Malaysia, with a single perineum opening. The kitten was fed with dry biscuits, suckling from dam and was managed indoor together with four other healthy siblings. The owner had observed that she was the smallest among the siblings and the appetite was reduced and the kitten becomes inappetence for around five days before presentation.
During physical examination, the kitten appeared to be dull but responsive. The mucous membrane was pale and capillary refilled time was more than 2 seconds. There was no opening for the rectum and there was a perineal bulge. Greenish watery feces were observed dripping out from the vagina when kitten was straining to defecate. Hunchback position was observed when the kitten was standing and she was shivering during examination. During palpation on the abdomen, hard feces can be felt impacted along the intestine.
Evolution. The word generally used to describe the change in the genes of humans from generation to generation to adapt to their environment, but the definition also states that it is any process of growth or development. Evolution, in this case, can be successfully used in either context. Florenz Kitten adapted the design of the steam engine to work for the landscape of the region and manufactured them at his shop, the Kitten Foundry and Machine Work, later renamed the Ferdinand Foundry and Machine Works (Sonderman 57). Years later, after electric and gas power have erased all need for steam products, few steam engine still exist. Although the Ferdinand Foundry and Machine Works in Ferdinand, Indiana no longer continues production, the
Walker, H. (1990). Chapter 93Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, and Percussion of the Abdomen. In Clinical methods: The history, physical, and laboratory examinations (3rd ed.). Boston:
Tilley, Lawrence P., and Francis Jr. W. K. Smith. The 5 Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline. Third ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004. 372-73. Print.
Most animals are susceptible to the development of cancer at some stage of their life. Among all types of cancer, squamous cell carcinoma is one of the skin cancer that commonly affects domestic animals. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer caused by neoplasms arising from the squamous epithelium of an animal regardless of species. However, this essay will only focus on this condition among felines since my chosen species is a white cat called Rosie. There are several forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among felines, which are known as solar keratosis and multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ, sometimes known as Bowen’s-like disease, but in this case, Rosie is diagnosed with
She notices she has about 5-6 watery bowel movements mostly bloody with white stuff like mucus or pus
Wear gloves when gardening or when in contact with soil or sand, as infectious oocysts from cat feces can spread and survive in the environment for months to years.
Accidental ingestion after touching or ingesting anything that has come into contact with a cat's feces that contain Toxoplasma
Cats infected with the Feline Leukemia Virus are found worldwide, although the rates vary depending on age group and the general lifestyle of the cats. The virus is transmitted in a number of ways. It is commonly spread through body fluids, such as blood or saliva, or other bodily excrements. An infected cat eating or drinking with an uninfected cat could cause transmission, as well as an infected cat sharing a litter box with an uninfected cat. It can also be spread through grooming. Another common means of infection is a bite, especially in cats living primarily outside. The virus can also be spread in utero or through a kitten’s consumption of milk if the mother is infected. Feline Leukemia Virus is more common in kittens and young cats than in any other age group. A healthy cat that is in adulthood stand a much smaller chance of contracting the virus, especially if the cat has already been vaccination against ...
Sherding, Robert G. The Cat Diseases and Clinical Management. 2nd Edition. Vol. 1. 1994. p 30-31, 233.
Moreover, Liam has fever and conjunctiva injection which could be a result of infection, as evidenced by high temperature (38.6°C) and bilateral tympanic membrane erythema (Thanathanee & O'Brien, 2011; Youngman, 2010). Furthermore, Liam may have a risk of dehydration as evidenced by sunken anterior fontanel, tacky mucous membranes on lips, and diminished urine output (dry nappies) (Glasper & Richardson, 2010; Harris, Mazza, Turner, & Wilkinson, 2008). Dehydration may occur due to poor feeding, as respiratory distress causes fatigue, which reduces Liam’s ability to sucking.... ... middle of paper ... ...
A 57-year-old female presents to her physician with changes in her bowel habits for the past few weeks. The patient reveals that she usually has soft bowel movements once a day. However, she has started passing pellet-like stools that alternate with loose stools. Her current symptoms are associated with sense of bloating and abdominal fullness. The patient denies seeing blood in her stool, weight loss, low-grade fever, a family history of colorectal cancer, or previous colon cancer screening. Abdominal examination reveals normal bowel sounds, no tenderness to palpation, and no evidence of a mass. Rectal examination is normal, and stool is negative for occult blood. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of
Imagine, being born with your intestines hanging out of your belly. Sounds painful and uncomfortable right? "About 2,000 babies are born with gastroschisis each year in the United States" (Gastroschisis. (n.d.). Retrieved May 9, 2014, from http://www.cardinalglennon.com/fetalcareinstitute/conditions/AbdomenIntestines/Pages/Gastroschisis.aspx). Thats about 1 in every 5,000 babies born, not rare, but fairly uncommon for it to be seen in children. Most are born prematurely, but are often delivered naturally without any surgery on the mother.
History- Owner says Bella has been acting unfriendly for about two weeks (e.g. wont let owner pet or hold her anymore, also she hides under the bed constantly) owner also says Bella’s appetite has gone very low, she used to feed her one cup of dry every morning and one half a can of wet food at night and now she wont eat ‘hardly any of either’. Owner has seen diarrhea in litter box for 3 days. Bella had her kitten shots and boosters but no Hx of fiv/felv testing, deforming, fecal or blood analysis.
2) P.K. Donahoe, and J.J. Schnitzer, "Evaluation of the infant who has ambiguous genitalia, and principles of operative management,"
The first step was to obtain the White Rat and to tie it in the supine position, anterior surface facing up in side the dissection pan. To tie the animal, we used butcher’s twine and secured the front and hinds legs using a “lasso” technique, careful not touch the sharp claws. To make the first insicion I had to locate the Xifoid Process of the rat (distal aspect of the sternum). Once I had located the Xifoid Process, I had to use forceps to pull the skin of the animal’s abdomen up and use the scissors to cut. The first incision is made from stem to sternum, cutting through the errectos abdomen muscle down to the groin. The second incision ion is perpendicular to the first below the diaphragm. Because of this technique we were able to open the abdominal cavity first. The third and forth incisions were made bilaterally above the legs. The last two incisions were made in upside down “V” shape on the collarbone, to expose the thoracic cavity. This dissection was both sharp, because of the use of the scissors and scapel and blunt because of the use of the probe and forceps to move organs and skin to expose other organs not yet identified.