Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is one of the top five killers of domestic cats in the U.S. In fact 3% of healthy cats were reported to have contracted the disease in the year 1999. FIV is a fatal disease and interestingly enough most FIV cats don’t die of the disease it self by by other infections caused by their lowed immune system. FIV causes a deficiency in the immune system and makes cats very susceptible to a huge variety of medical problems basically because they have no fighting power.
Case Report:
Signalment- “ Bella” Smith; 4 year old S/F DMH
Chief Complaint- not eating, diarrhea, sudden unfriendliness
History- Owner says Bella has been acting unfriendly for about two weeks (e.g. wont let owner pet or hold her anymore, also she hides under the bed constantly) owner also says Bella’s appetite has gone very low, she used to feed her one cup of dry every morning and one half a can of wet food at night and now she wont eat ‘hardly any of either’. Owner has seen diarrhea in litter box for 3 days. Bella had her kitten shots and boosters but no Hx of fiv/felv testing, deforming, fecal or blood analysis.
S.O.A.P:
S… qar; mm=pink; poor coat w/ matted sections
O…t=103.6, p=44, r=48, CRT=> 4 sec., *** FIV/FeLV test positive (+) for FIV.
A… Bella is FIV+
P…* FIV tested +; *hospitalization for observation; *200 ml Normasol fluids SQ then *iv fluids @150ml/hr, 3 ml vit B complex added; urinalysis to be performed in a.m. after completion of fluid therapy.
“Feline Retro Virus Testing and Management”
Compendium magazine July 2001
This article explains how to test for and care for FIV. The only way to prevent your cat from contracting FIV is by preventing contact with FIV infected cats.
FIV testing is the best thing to do whenever your cat gets sick, no matter if they have tested negative for the disease before. Cats of all ages should be tested because it is so hard to know if your cat has come in contact with infected cats. “Infected cats may remain symptomatic for years during which time they may serve as unapparent sources of infection to other cats in the household”(Mary Tompkins, DVM, PhD). Basically if you have a cat, or cats, and u want to get another it is in the best interests of you and each one of the cats to be tested for FIV to ensure their heath and safety.
The Wisson company policy stated “Personal payments, bribes or kickbacks to customers or suppliers or the receipt of kickbacks, bribes or personal payments by employees are absolutely prohibited”. (p.564) Dealing with employee ethics company policy this is where I would clearly start first. I have found during the course of this case study several facts that Valerie Young was faced with. While going to make photocopies she discovered her bosses personal companies document revealing commissioning and fees totaling $35,000 per month. Valerie also struggled with revealing her discovery with corporate headquarters, while justifying her own values to protect herself and fellow colleagues. Lionel Waters’ personal greed leads to wrongful business
Credibility: A few years ago, my roommate Anna was desperate to find a new puppy. The easiest place for her to find one was an online site full of cute Pomeranian puppies. Although she really wanted to save a dog from a nearby shelter, she completely fell in love with a picture online of a beautiful brown and white Pomeranian puppy. Immediately Anna purchased the puppy online and ended up receiving the dog soon after. Paisley was a ball full of what seemed like healthy energy. Anna took great care of her and made sure she had everything a puppy needs. About three months Paisley started having seizures and was taken to the vet. The vet said that Paisley had a blood defect that was commonly seen in dogs that came from puppy mills. Sadly enough, Paisley had to be put down because she was in too much pain to recover.
Human evolution looks at the bodily changes that have occurred over the years leading up to modern day Homo sapiens. In order to determine the changes that have taken place in human anatomy we rely on paleoanthropology, the study of human fossil remains, and primatology, and the study of other primates 1. Paleoanthropology helps us determine who our ancestors were, and when, how and why they evolved. Primatology allows us to see the similarities and differences between other primates and ourselves and allows us to trace these evolutionary relationships. For example, such a study has determined that humans share approximately 98.6% of their DNA (their genetic code) with gorillas, 98.8% with chimpanzees and 97.6% with orangutans 2.
WHO estimates that there are 1.4 million new infections per year spread throughout the world. The best way to prevent hep A infection is to get vaccinated.
Our earliest ancestors are primates. They are our closest relatives which is why we can see our behavior’s and practices in them. If we observe them we can get a better understanding of them and us, human beings. But unfortunately we all don’t get the chance to see a Primate right in our backdoor. So the best thing I could do for my observation was to visit them at the zoo.
Primates are characterized by their unique characteristics, behaviors, and features. This is also why humans are considered to be a primate. With the human evolution researchers are able to find these common similarities. And even though chimpanzees have a very close body type and size they also have some differences. Researchers have found all these results by studying non-primates many different way in the non-primate own environment. With these results and studies it proves the facts that humans are indeed primates.
Furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg daily in the morning: Loop diuretic used to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF).
Having different food can affect a child health. There are milky ways, cake, cookies, pizza and lets just add some French fries in there and call that lunch. Don’t forget the drink sweet tea, pop and milk that one doesn’t choose to drink it. The students would go back to the class rooms after twenty minutes and be hungry at the end of the da. Garland said, “Instead, we allow school cafeterias to dispense the same junk food that kids could buy in any mall” (621). There has been so much junk food and soft drinks in schools that makes the student health unsafe and a distraction to their education. Garland mentioned that the students are filling up with fat, salt and sugar rather than filling up with fruit, whole grains and vegetables. Schools should be about healthiness, and well balanced diets. With having Students eat healthy can boost up their energy and ability to learn. With that being said when I was in high school it was nothing but junk food for three years. When Michele Obama changed the law on the school lunches my senior lunches have changed. It was nothing but healthy food like whole grain, no sweets, two scoops of fruits and vegetables. At Odessa they had a school store loaded with junk food that would be sold out by forth period. When the law came to the school there was nothing but baked chip and replaced with other baked nutrition food or we had nothing at all. The drink machines were changed out
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, also known as HIV, is a virus that attacks the immune system. It invades our T cells and then makes more copies of itself. It then destroys them and our immune system can no longer fight of other infections or diseases, which can lead to AIDS. There are three major routes it is transferred by. The first route is sexual intercourse through the vaginal, rectal, or penile tissues. The second route is a direct injection with HIV-contaminated drugs, needles, syringes, blood or blood products. The third major route HIV can be transmitted is from an HIV-infected mother to the fetus in the uterus or even through breast-feeding. Once the virus is transmitted to someone else, it attaches immune system cell called a dendritic cell. These cells are located by the mouth, vagina, rectum, and penis. The cells then transport the virus from the where the infection is to the lymph nodes where it also infects other immune system cells. Once inside the cell, the virus turns RNA into DNA, and then makes its way to the cells nucleus. The HIV weakens the immune system. The infected HIV cells convert into the messenger RNA then it is transferred outside the nucleus and is used to make more HIV infected cells.
Furthermore, Merton presented a Strain theory, which was a micro-level approach that addressed the strain experienced by individuals who are in Anomie and their response in dealing with the disjunction between goals of success and the means available to attain them (Merton, 1964). As noted in the lecture, when individuals undergo the Strains of society and their interplay between scarce institutionalized means, they adapt in several ways (Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion). Not all adaptations involve crime, however, some adaptations include criminal behavior (Lecture, 2016).
This paper reviews the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of canine parvovirus 2-strain c (CPV-2c), a viral infection that affects dogs of a variety of ages, mainly puppies or unvaccinated adult dogs. As a virus, CPV-2c is resilient; the replication of CPV-2c in rapidly dividing cells facilitates acute-onset of the virus. Conventional detection of CPV-2c consists of systemic symptoms, a thorough patient history, and diagnostic testing. Although symptoms presented in the right patient are distinct, most veterinarians do not recommend diagnosis solely based on clinical symptoms; will typically run a fecal test before advancing to treatment options. Pharmacotherapy performed to relieve pain, nausea and other symptoms of CPV-2c is the best treatment
Some cats may not receive any of these symptoms but it is important to understand that the feline calicivirus can be present in the environment up to 8 or 10 days. The milder signs include fevers, herpes (lymph nodes) between their toes, claws, eyes, the bottom of their feet and nose ("Feline Calicivirus (FCV) Treatment”, 2001). These mild symptoms could relate to other diseases and lots of these overlap as well. Other diseases that could be a sign of feline calicivirus are arthritis, gingivitis, stomatitis, limping syndrome, gingivostomatitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, skin swelling, and other respiratory viruses (“International Cat Care”, 2017). Arthritis makes it difficult for the cat to move around without joint pain. Limping syndrome, herpes, and gingivitis, stomatitis makes it uncomfortable for the cat to eat. Some of these symptoms could also be passed along if the cat sneezes or saliva gets on objects or other cats. It is obvious that these cats can have some of these diseases without having a feline calicivirus but the continuation of this virus can correlate to gingivitis. However, the combination of feline calicivirus and limping syndrome means they do have a feline calicivirus because the virus causes the limping syndrome. On the other hand, besides physical symptoms, it is
After initial viremia, infected cats may either remain viremic and antigenemic (progressive infection) or revert to an aviremic state (regressive infection) where antigen and culturable virus are undectable.14 It was initially thought based on viral antigen testing and culture, that approximately two thirds of infected cats would eventually clear the infection, while one third would become persistently viremic; however,14 more recent studies have suggested that most cats are likely to be infected for life.3,11,19 Therefore cats with regressive infections who revert to a seronegative status, have FeLV proviral DNA that can still be detected.11,12,14 While the possible outcomes of FeLV infection are contentious, it is currently thought that the progressive and regressive outcomes are more common and the abortive exposure and focal infections are less
Strain theories of criminal behaviour have been amongst the most important and influential in the field of criminology. Taking a societal approach, strain theories have sought to explain deficiencies in social structure that lead individuals to commit crime (Williams and McShane 2010). Strain theories operate under the premise that there is a societal consensus of values, beliefs, and goals with legitimate methods for achieving success. When individuals are denied access to legitimate methods for achieving success, the result is anomie or social strain. This often leads an individual to resort to deviant or criminal means to obtain the level of success that they are socialized to pursue. This is the basic premise of strain theory. This paper will explore the evolution of strain theories by first examining their intellectual foundations which laid the foundation for Robert Merton’s theories of anomie and strain. Merton’s strain theory will be discussed in detail including the modes of adaptation that people use when faced with societal strain. Finally, the paper will conclude with the strengths and weaknesses of Merton’s strain theory and an examination of the criminological theories and social policies it has influenced.
Physcially humans and other organisms have clear similarities and differences. One such similarity is a commom ancestry. The first signs of life appeared around 4.1 to 3.7 billion years ago. Over time evolving into more complex life, from single-celled life, into multicelluar oragisms. Multicelluar organisms appeared over 2 billion years ago. 230 million years ago dinosaurs and mammals evolved around the same time from different evolutionary branches. When dinosaurs were declining, mammals were able to dominate the planet. Adaptations are the reason for these species evolution into today 's species. These adaptations come in many forms, but it is for the survival of the species in there environment. Some examples are being communial, flight, and camouflage, and many more. The phisiology of species is dependent on their evolution and adapations, but the phisiology does not always change what a species can do. One of the question posed is that humans are unique in the way we shape our environment. Either creating shelters, into towns, or just making it more habitable. We are not that special as other species can do that same. Beavers are a prime example as they can deforest large areas of fore...