Kettle's Four Approaches To Reform By The US Government

Kettle was believed that U.S. government has intertwined to these values. We need to reform, because bureaucracy does not work to our expectations. Therefore, we search for an effective organization. I agree with Kettle’s opinion about our relentless need to reform. In fact, citizens have high expectation according to Maslow’s hierarchy model. For example in the country which has not meet citizen’s basic needs like health, food and so on people have low expectations, whereas people in development countries which have lots of facilities have high expectations. However, The nature of their expectations are different, in the first country, people are seeking food, car, home, health and other materials, and people in the second country are looking for accountability, responsiveness of government, freedom of speech, and so on. But in this writing, we are talking about the US government which is a developed country with citizens who have high expectations from the government. According to Kettle (2018), US government has four approaches to solve the organization problem:

Kettle believes that all of the criteria that listed in the above are important. In my opinion, making a checklist for evaluating an organization which is the principle of bureaucracy or red tape is strict and inflexible. The checklist of Kettle’s book is not comprehensive for covering all of the indicators which have key roles. In fact, we should have a flexible and comprehensive checklist for every organization because each organization has its own unique structure. Albeit, he said, we cannot have all of them simultaneously, and the design of any organizational system needs tradeoffs among desirable