Kazakh Culture: The Role Of Culture In The Man's Culture

Culture is learned and shared human patterns or models for living. These patterns and models pervade all aspects of human social interaction. Culture is mankind's primary adaptive mechanism ( Damen 1987, 367 ). According to Cristina De Rossi, an anthropologist at Barnet and Southgate College in London, the word “ culture ” is originally taken from the Latin word " colere," which means to tend to the earth and grow. It generally claimed that no culture is stable as change is an essential part of it. There are many factors that affect culture, such as economic, environmental, government policy decisions, technological developments and many others. As Kazakh culture takes its roots from very early times, it has gone through significant changes

It has been an important part of the culture because nomadic Kazakhs used music to transmit historical and cultural information from one place to another, and from one generation to the next. As Boris Erzakovich ( Cited in Edmunds 2004, 182 ), the most influential Kazakh musicologists, noted in his book: “ In the social and intellectual life of the Kazaks, songs occupied a key, perhaps even primary meaning ”. However, under the Soviet system Kazakh music changed its style from nomadic to European. In 1920, when the ASSR was established the government decided to make a state project, where Kazakh folk music was collected. This Soviet nationality policy progressed at the Stalin’s time, and a “ national culture ” became the main disturbance in each autonomous country as “ all officially recognized Soviet nationalities were supposed to have their own nationally defined ‘ Great Traditions ’ that needed to be protected, perfected, and if need be invented by specially trained professionals in specially designated institutions ” (Slezinke 1994, 414–52 ). So, to accomplish this task USSR government appointed A.V. Zataevich, who worked on the " improvement " of Kazak musical instruments and the organization of ensembles according to the Russian model. In the consequence of this policy, in 1932 Musical-Dramatic Training College was founded and directed by the academic A. Zhubanov. Accordingly, Kazakh

For example, Amre Qashaubayuly became popular outside of Kazakhstan when he appeared in Paris in 1925, who introduced Kazakh folk music and national instrument dombyra to the Europe ( Kunanbay 2001,194 ). Also, there were other artists, who contributed to the development of Kazakh music culture like Kuliash Baiseitova, Isa Baizakov, Jumat Shanin, Roza