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An essay on all aspects of gelatin
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The purpose of this lab was to determine which type of pineapple will allow gelatin to form through chemical reactions. There were two pineapple types were fresh and canned, each having their own distinct effects on the Jell-O mixture. The hypothesis stated that if the tinned pineapple is added to the gelatin mixture the solution will turn into a solid (Jelly). This is because when the tinned pineapple is preheated to remove microorganism the bromelain enzymes are destroyed since they do not have the ability to withstand high temperatures such as 100 degrees Celsius. When the protease found in pineapple becomes impractical gelatin can be formed when hot water is added to collagen. Based on the results and observations, it can be confirmed that …show more content…
There are a few certain errors that are possible to avoid improving the results of the experiment. The ratio between the amount of pineapple, water and gelatin powder were not in balance terms so significant changes can be seen. The exact amount of pineapple could have been measured to improve results instead of using an inappropriate beaker in this case. This alters the final result slightly however not by a significant amount which will change the effect of bromelain on collagen. Nonetheless this could be avoided by smashing the pineapples into small pieces to in the beaker to avoid air gaps. Even the use of a scale to measure the pineapple in grams can be used to improve the ratio between all substances. Every part of the pineapple contains bromelain; however the stem contains the highest percentage of the proteases (Scheve, 2011, para. 3). Both fresh and canned pineapple contained a mixture of all part of the pineapple. A source of experimental error is that the pineapple added to the homogenous mixtures of liquid gelatin contained various concentration of bromelain which altered the result slightly. This is because more bromelain is catalysing the breakdown of collagen. Since there is a higher concentration of bromelain present in the pineapples a more time and a higher temperature is required to stop the catalyzing. This can be avoided by …show more content…
Examples of these fruits are kiwi, figs, papaya and mangos. All the mentioned fruits contain an anticoagulant enzyme. These enzymes have similar functions to bromelain as they act as natural healers to reduce swelling and heal burns. These enzymes are which allows the breakage of proteins into amino acids. If bromelain and these other enzymes such as actinidin( kiwi) and ficain(figs) perform similar functions then it’s safe to assume that Jell- O formations will not occur in the presence in the form of these fresh fruits. The protein collagen will not change states in the presence of these enzymes (Helmenstine, 2012,
To uncover organic compounds like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid, by using tests like Benedict, Lugol, Biuret and Beta Carotene. Each test was used to determine the presents of different organic molecules in substances. The substances that were tested for in each unknown sample were sugars, starches, fats, and oils. Moreover, carbohydrates are divided into two categories, simple and complex sugars. Additionally, for nonreducing sugars, according to Stanley R. Benedict, the bond is broken only by high heat to make make the molecules have a free aldehydes (Benedict). As for Lipids, there are two categories saturated and unsaturated fats. One of the difference is that saturated fats are mostly solids and have no double bond (Campbell Biology 73). The Beta Carotene test works by dissolving in a lipid, thus giving it color to make it visible. Moreover, proteins are made out of amino acids that are linked by a polypeptide bond (Campbell Biology 75). The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether an unknown class sample or food sample had any carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins in it. The expected result of the lab was that some substances would be present while other would be absent.
[IMAGE] In this experiment, the enzyme rennin will be used. Rennin is a coagulating enzyme occurring in the gastric juice of the calf, forming the active principal of rennet and able to curdle
improved in any way unless another sugar was utilized. There were some things that were difficult to keep constant in the experiment and this is where my results may have wavered slightly. It was difficult to keep the temperature of the warm water constant as it dipped at times which could have had an effect on how efficient the enzymes were. The delivery tubes were becoming blocked sometimes and by shaking the test tube it cleared them. However as we shook the test tube a large number of bubbles were formed which may not have formed if we didn't shake the test tube.
The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of the Enzyme Catalase Introduction: The catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide (H²0²), a vigorous reaction occurs and oxygen gas is evolved. This experiment investigates the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme works by measuring the amount of oxygen evolved over a period of time. The experiment was carried out varying the temperature and recording the results. It was then repeated but we removed the catalase (potato) and added Lead Nitrate in its place, we again tested this experiment at two different temperatures and recorded the results. Once all the experiments were calculated, comparisons against two other groups were recorded.
In this experiment, we tested how the sugar cubes dissolve from different water temperatures. During the lab we made sure to make accurate and precise measurements, so what we did was do the same exact procedure to every section of the lab.
After that they add 5 drops of pectinase into the cup. Proceeding that the students take the stirring rod and stir until the enzymes are mixed evenly into the apple sauce then they wait for 10 minutes. The students put the mixture aside. Then the students put the funnel into the graduated cylinder and put the filter paper in a the in the funnel. The students take the mixture and carefully put it in the filter paper and the students gently squeeze the juice out of the mixture. After that the students record the amount of juice in ml. The students repeat steps 1-7 twice for 2 trials of data. The students repeat steps 1-8 but make the mixture with cellulase. After that the students make another mixture with both enzymes they put 3 drops of each enzymes in the mixture. After repeating steps 1-9 the students make another mixture without enzymes and repeat steps 1-8 as the
Abstract: Marshmallows have more Calories per gram. Marshmallows have .2079 J/g℃ and cheese puffs have 1.08x103 J/g℃. My hypothesis was that marshmallows have more Calories per gram and my results confirmed my hypothesis because there is a .2068 J/g℃ difference.
Once the test tubes were in place to insert hydrogen peroxide the changes were observed. The raw liver produced large amounts of bubbles which are made up of oxygen, in contrast to this results the cooked liver produced a minor amount of oxygen bubbles due to the fact that enzymes were denatured once it was boiled. The raw potato produced a considerate amount of oxygen bubbles illustrating that the enzymes within it were in proper shape, however, the cooked potato produced the least amount of bubbles in the entire experiment demonstrating that a change in temperature denatures an enzyme causing it to malfunction and become unable to break apart a hydrogen peroxide molecule. In conclusion, the results of this experiment proves the fact that
The experimental setup began by placing paper under two spot plate and label the short side Temperature (0, 25, 65, 85 Celsius) and the long side Time (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 minutes) for each. Sixteen test tubes was needed to complete the experiment, 4 tubes for each amylase (Fungal and Bacterial) and 8 tubes for the starch component. Four test tubes were labeled BA for Bacterial amylase and corresponding temperatures. The same was done for the Fungal amylase (FA). The other eight test tubes remaining were labeled S with the same corresponding temperatures. 5 mL of 1.5% starch was placed into the tubes labeled FS & BS and 1 mL of bacterial amylase and fungal amylase was deposited into the test tubes that did not contain starch (FA & BA). Next,
The fruits have a chemical composition that includes a large amount of liquid substance as
The hypothesis that states that “if pectinase and cellulase are added into different containers of applesauce, then pectinase will produce the most apple juice because pectin, which is very abundant in applesauce, is broken down by pectinase to make apple juice” is supported by the data. According to the data, when water was added to applesauce, the amount of apple juice created on average was 8.2 ml. When cellulase was added to applesauce, the amount of apple juice created on average was 8.26 ml. Both of these substances created less apple juice on average than when pectinase was added to applesauce. The data shows that on average the amount of apple juice created with the assistance of pectinase was 13.16 ml. Therefore, the conclusion can be made that the enzyme, pectinase, extracts the most apple juice out of apple sauce. This conclusion can also be supported by the data found by members of the class. The average amount of apple juice
Abstract: Enzymes are catalysts therefore we can state that they work to start a reaction or speed it up. The chemical transformed due to the enzyme (catalase) is known as the substrate. In this lab the chemical used was hydrogen peroxide because it can be broken down by catalase. The substrate in this lab would be hydrogen peroxide and the enzymes used will be catalase which is found in both potatoes and liver. This substrate will fill the active sites on the enzyme and the reaction will vary based on the concentration of both and the different factors in the experiment. Students placed either liver or potatoes in test tubes with the substrate and observed them at different temperatures as well as with different concentrations of the substrate. Upon reviewing observations, it can be concluded that liver contains the greater amount of catalase as its rates of reaction were greater than that of the potato.
The freshly squeezed citrus juices of Lemon,lime and orange were analysed through titration over the period of 2 weeks. Initially the lime juice was found to be slightly more acidic than the other juices followed by lemon juice and then orange juice since it is known that usually lime is more acidic than lemon and orange. It was hypothesised that the acidity of each juice will increase or decrease after the period of two weeks depending upon the sugar content of that citrus fruit that the juice is extracted from. The acidity of the juice with the highest sugar level will gradually increase over the period of time since sugar contribute to the the fermentation of the citrus juice to lactic acid. The hypothesis was shown to be correct;however
In its nature, collagen is like the backbone of the skin and is responsible for its elasticity and structure. It’s also responsible for replacement of dead skin cells with new ones giving the skin a radiant
borate) and 1.0 g. of sodium hydroxide in 20 mL of warm water. It may