Investigation of the Relationship Between Mass of a Vehicle and Its Stopping Distance
Problem
The problem to be investigated is "how does the mass of a vehicle
affect its stopping distance when brakes are applied?" This problem is
related to the conservation of energy and will be investigated through
a trolley going down a ramp. A simple trolley will be used to
represent the vehicle and weights attached to the rear of the trolley
via a pulley system will act as the brakes. Throughout the experiment
energy will be transferred into many forms but no energy will be lost
or gained. As the trolley is raised it gains potential energy, when
released down the ramp this energy is converted to kinetic energy.
When the trolley hits the horizontal surface all the energy will be
kinetic. As the trolley continues to roll the kinetic energy within
it, raises the weights on the pulley system. The kinetic energy is
therefore converted to potential energy in the weights. The stopping
distance of the trolley can be measured, therefore allowing us to
measure the potential energy in the trolley.
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When any mass is raised it gains gravitational potential energy. The
formula used to calculate potential energy is as follows: -
PE = mgh
Potential energy = Mass x Gravitational Pull x Height Raised
If there are no opposing forces acting upon the trolley then kinetic
energy should be equal to potential energy. The formula used to
calculate kinetic energy is as follows: -
KE = ½mv 2
Kinetic energy = ½ x mass x velocity 2
Planning
Apparatus
· Stool
· 2 ramps
· Trolley
Hold the trolley with its front touching the start line. 5. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'? Simultaneously start the stop clock and release the trolley. careful not to push it or exert any extra force on it).
* I will then use a small pile of books and set the ramp up at the
Factors that Affect the Gravitational Potential Energy of a Trolley When It Travels Down a Ramp
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