An interval scale includes characteristic of an ordinal scale and nominal scale that is, category of individuals or responses belonging to sub categories have a common characteristic; sub categories are arranged in descending or ascending order, in addition, an interval scale places the individual or responses at equally spaced interval in relation to the spread of variables.
• The interval scale of measurement has the properties of identity, magnitude and an equal interval (Scales of Measurement in Statistics, n.d.)
• In interval scale of measurement the distances or interval between the categories are to be compared.
• Interval scale keeps the ranking order just as ordinal scale.
• The interval scales also shows the differences between
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Moreover it has a starting point fixed at zero. Therefore it is an absolute scale. The difference between different points or values, is always measured from a zero point. It reflects that the ratio scale can be used for mathematical operations.
• Ratio scale of measurement is almost same as interval scale.
• Ratio scale also includes a non arbitrary zero value in it to measure the variable.
• The ratio scale is the most precise and powerful of all the scales of measurement.
• It has the most meaningful zero point including all the properties of interval scale.
• One cannot have any negative value on this scale.
• The weight on an object can be an example of a ratio scale; each value has a unique meaning, weight can be ranked and ordered, units on the weight scale are equal to one another furthermore, the scale has a minimum value of zero because objects otherwise can be weightless but they cannot have negative weight.
• Hence, this scale satisfies all four properties of measurement scales, and these are:
Identity, magnitude, equal interval and a minimum value of zero.
EXAMPLE
(1) The person who is thirty years of age is twice as old as fifteen years
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(10) GPA.
(11) Mr. Shakeel invests 80000 in his business which is 2 time the amount of a person who invests 40000.
(12) Mr. Arif donates 30000 in a hospital per year which is 3 times the amount of a person who denotes 10000.
(13) Ms. Sara is 60 kg which is thrice the weight of Hira who is 20 Kg.
(14) Team A manages to get 3 scores in a match which is three times more of Team B who gets 1 score.
(15) Ms. Hina is 6 feet high which is 3 times the height of Ayesha who is 2 feet high.
(16) In a class of 30 boys are 15 with the equal ratio of the girls who are also 15 in number .
(17) Amna’s hair are12 inches long which are double the length of Sara who has 6 inches long hair.
(18) In a marathon race, girls are 20 while the boys are 2 times more with the number of 40.
(19) In a car parking area, green cars are 60, red cars are 30, the ratio of green cars is twice the red cars.
(20) A man earns 12000 per month and spends 6000, his salary is 2 times more than his expenditures.
(21) In a parking area 40 cars are allowed to be parked while there is a space of 20 motor bike. The car parking space is 2 time double the space of motor
Lori is 5 feet 4 inches tall.She weighs 59 kg.Her body measures 37-26-37. Her bra size 34c. She has a blue eye color and blonde hair. Her dress size is 8 (US) and shoe size is 7.5 (US).
There are two basic psychometric properties, validity and reliability that have been used to evaluate the quality of scale development. Psychometric testing used to evaluate the quality of instrument (Polit& Beck, 2010).
It is a leverage ratio, which indicates a relationship between the debt and equity. The ratio indicates the total liabilities of the firm and the total shareholders’ equity both the figures are present in the company’s balance sheet.
Ratio analysis is used to evaluate information from financial statements to understand the results, financial status, and cash flow of the company. Ratio analysis is used to show the overall production of a company to educate personal such as; a credit analyst, lender or stock analyst. A company’s financial information, the profitability, debt, activities and investments all come from different venues. The information is gathered and presented in a financial statement that companies have been using for years to make important decisions. The main portion of the financial statement is the ratio, leading ratio analysis to become synonymous with financial statements.
In mathematics, a metric conversion formula is one of the important topics. It is used for calculating purpose of an international decimalized system of measurement. In all over world, metric conversion formulas are the most common system for calculating different types of units. For personal, commercial and scientific purposes, this can be used widely. From the base units of conversions can be derived from larger and smaller units which may be standard set of prefixes in powers of ten.
O-data might not be the best choice because the observers might be bias or judgmental and report something differently than someone else would but multiple observers can focus in of specific behavior or report more general behavior. T-data is very objective but participants could alter their answers to what they think is “correct”. Lastly, S-data is easy and quick because the individual themselves is giving you the information but the participant could be altering the information to be able to show themselves off in a more positive light. Within the different data types, there are different measures that are taken into play, fixed and flexible. A fixed measurement is when everyone participating gets the same test and is scored the same way, which is most likely to be seen when collecting O-data and S-data due to questionnaires and personality tests. However, a flexible measurement is when something else is tested on rather than a set of questions, which is mostly seen in T-data due to various
Scale of measurement is used to categorize and define numbers and variables in both quantitative and qualitative manner. There are four (4) scales of measurement : (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio) which were used depending on the information that the data is intending to represent. Each scale tends to represent specific kind of information.
ii. A company borrows £2,000,000 in 1998, with a fixed interest rate of 8%, payable annually for a 5 year period.
Quantitative is numerical or statistical data which often comes from surveys, surveillance or administration records. Quantitative evidence provides a good overall picture of a population or geographical region. It can often be used to measure trends over time. It describes who, what, where and when. Quantitative has four main designs, Descriptive, Correlational, Experimental and Quasi-experimental. Descriptive is the characteristics of individuals, situations or groups and the frequency which with certain phenomena occur using statistics to summarise and describe data. Correlational, interrelationship amongst variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher. Experimental is systematic and objective, investigator controls the independent variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions (Ingham-Broomfield, n.d.).
A company can produce 150,000 units of a product each month. The report of sales department is as follows:
__C__ 8. Which of the following scales would be used when the information is qualitative rather than quantitative?
Data can also be characterized by its variation and shape (Levine, et al., 2008). Variation measures the spread, or dispersion, of the values in the data set (Levine, et al., 2008). The range is one measure of variation that determines the difference between the largest and smallest values ...
In other words Sensitivity of measuring system is define as the ratio between the detected change to the parameter that cause the changed.[2]
(g) Utility is measured cardinally. This means that utility, or use of a good, can be expressed in terms of "units" or "utils". This utility is not only comparable but also quantifiable.