Insulin Therapy Research Paper

Insulin therapy promotes movement of water and electrolytes such as magnesium, phosphate and potassium, and facilitates intracellular transport of glucose from the blood into adipose tissues and muscle (Bryant & Knights 2015). Mostly, glucose is extracted from carbohydrates, which is the energy source for body cells. Insulin allows that the glucose reaches to the cells, so body organs like the liver, heart, brain and muscle are able to take up glucose to fuel their own energy need (Tham et al. 2017). This movement of glucose into the body cells reduces glucose level in the blood. Glucose in Tony’s body is excessive, the kidneys release excess glucose through urine to protect the body. This is why Tony often felt thirst to compensate the loss

2018). It is recommended to be measured at least every 3 months when glycaemic targets are not being met and when diabetes therapy is being adjusted or changed. However, testing at 6-month intervals may be considered in situations where glycaemic targets are achieved consistently (Berard et al. 2018). Ideal HbA1c targets in type 1 diabetes are <7.5% for children and adolescents. If one is not on medication and not having symptoms of hypoglycaemia and A1C is low, that means BGL is well controlled. However, Tony is on medications and have experienced episodes of hypoglycaemia. Therefore, A1C testing is needed, and with the result, Tony's doctor should adjust his medication (Berard et al.

2018). It is recommended to perform at least three times a day including both pre-and postprandial measurements to achieve their goal for the glucose level management. In a large cohort study, the performance of more than 3 self-tests per day was associated with a statistically and clinically significant 1.0% absolute reduction in A1C (Berard et al. 2018). In situations where A1C does not accurately reflect glucose level, monitoring BG is necessary to adequately monitor glycaemia (Berard et al. 2018). The test involves pricking a finger with a lancet device to gain a small blood sample, applying a blood drop onto a testing strip, and determining the glucose concentration by inserting the strip into a reflectance photometer for an automated reading (Berman et al.