The use of incentive spirometry is an important aspect of overall lung health. In clinical, I am noticing that patient compliance with the incentive spirometer is directly correlated with patient education on the same. I have had the opportunity to educate almost all of my patients on the benefits of using the incentive spirometer. Incentive spirometer use promotes lung expansion which in turn will result in better lung compliance and reduce fluid accumulation. Most people associate the use of incentive spirometry in the post-operative period. Incentive spirometer use can be used on anyone to promote lung expansion and reduce disease progression. In this paper, I will discuss my experiences with patients and incentive spirometer use. In clinical, one of my patients was diagnosed with pneumonia, history of asthma and COPD. She informed me that …show more content…
The incentive spirometer made her feel defeated and was very discouraged with its use. She was unable to reach the target on the device. Also, she did not understand the importance of using it. I saw this as a teachable moment and intervened. I explained to her that evidence based practice tells us that any use of the incentive spirometer will be beneficial. Bavarsad, Shariatti, Eidani and Latifi conducted a research study of 40 patients with reduced exercise tolerance due to exertional dyspnea. They found that after 8 weeks (15 min/day for 6 days/week) there was a significant increase in exercise tolerance and a decrease in exertional dyspnea (Bavarsad, Shariatti, Eidani and Latifi, 2015). Moreover, the study revealed that participants using the incentive spirometer were able to walk an additional 54 meters during the six minute walk test.
Additionally, some of the general diagnostic and pulmonary function tests are distinct in emphysema in comparison to chronic bronchitis. In the case of R.S. the arterial blood gas (ABG) values are the following: pH=7.32, PaCO2= 60mm Hg, PaO2= 50 mm Hg, HCO3- = 80mEq/L. R.S.’s laboratory findings are indicative of chronic bronchitis, where the pH and PaO2 are decreased, whereas PaCO2 and HCO3- are increased, when compare to normal indices. Based on the arterial blood gas evaluation, the physician can deduce that the increased carbon dioxide is due to the airway obstruction displayed by the hypoventilation. Furthermore the excessive mucus production in chronic bronchitis hinders proper oxygenation leading to the hypoxia. On the other hand, in emphysema the arterial blood gas values would include a low to normal PaCO2 and only a slight decrease in PaO2 which tend to occur in the later disease stages.
Ascertaining the adequacy of gaseous exchange is the major purpose of the respiratory assessment. The components of respiratory assessment comprises of rate, rhythm, quality of breathing, degree of effort, cough, skin colour, deformities and mental status (Moore, 2007). RR is a primary indicator among other components that assists health professionals to record the baseline findings of current ventilatory functions and to identify physiological respiratory deterioration. For instance, increased RR (tachypnoea) and tidal volume indicate the body’s attempt to correct hypoxaemia and hypercapnia (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). The inclusive use of a respiratory assessment on a patient could lead to numerous potential benefits. Firstly, initial findings of respiratory assessment reveals baseline data of patient’s respiratory functions. Secondly, if the patient is on respiratory medication such as salbutamol and ipratropium bromide, the respiratory assessment enables nurses to measure the effectiveness of medications and patient’s compliance towards those medications (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). Thirdly, it facilitates early identification of respiratory complications and it has the potential to reduce the risk of significant clinical
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a group of progressive lung diseases that block airflow and make it hard to breathe. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common types of COPD (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016, p 557). Primary symptoms include coughing, mucus, chest pain, shortness of breath, and wheezing (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016, p.557). COPD develops slowly and worsens over time if not treated during early stages. The disease has no cure, but medication and disease management can slow its progress and make one feel better (NIH, 2013)
Room 28, a 73-year-old married male and retired railroad engineer, presented to his local hospital with a chief complaint of dyspnea resulting in the inability to perform physical activity without difficulty in breathing or SOB. After observing Room 28’s SpO2 level of 83%, which demonstrated his hypoxemic state, he was sent to his local hospital for further testing in order to reveal any lung disease or abnormalities. Room 28 was diagnosed with severe emphysema demonstrated by a chest x-ray examination and an ABG analysis after resting 20 minutes on room air. Room 28 was prescribed continuous O2 therapy, by route of nasal cannula, at a 2L flow rate. Severe emphysema will be discussed along with pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic tools and
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious, progressive and disabling condition that limits airflow in the lungs. People with COPD are prone to severe episodes of shortness of breath, with fits of coughing. In contrast to asthma where medication can reverse symptoms or they can reverse naturally, shortness of breath related to COPD may not be fully reversible even with treatment. (Salvi & Barnes 2009)
...e cured, but the course of the disease can be influenced by optimal medical treatment and interprofessional pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), which includes exercise as one of its cornerstones” (Hellem, Bruugsgaard, & Bergland, 2012, p. 206).
Diagnosis include a pulmonary function test, a test which helps measure the lungs ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. This type of test is performed with a special machine called spirometry (Mayo Clinic, 2011). A spirometry determines how well the lungs intake, hold, and utilize the air and can even detect the severity of lung disease and determine whether the disease has decreased airflow or a disruption of airflow has occurred. Another device used is a peak flow monitor (PFM). A device that measures the speed at which an individual can blow air out of lungs (Mayo Clinic, 2011). A doctor can diagnose a patient with symptoms that correspond to emphysema, such as a cough that doesn’t go away, coughing up a large sum of mucus, shor...
According to COPD Foundation, “Most cases of COPD are caused by inhaling pollutants; that includes smoking (cigarettes, pipes, cigars, etc.), and second-hand smoke. Fumes, chemicals and dust found in many work environments are contributing factors for many individuals who develop COPD. Genetics can also play a role in an individual’s development of COPD—even if the person has never smoked or has ever been exposed to strong lung irritants in the workplace.” They would think they just have a common cold not knowing the development of COPD. Many people may not know some of the symptoms such shortness of breath and constant coughing. As the cough and shortness of breath continue the doctor will order a pulmonary function test and a chest x-ray. The pulmonary function test is a procedure that shows the amount of air that is breathe in and out and the way the lungs deliver oxygen to the body. A chest x-ray is order to show if exist of emphysema which is one of the main causes of COPD and can eliminate all other lung problems or heart problems. Checking for emphysema is important the alveoli in the lungs will be over inflated which constriction in lung function. In x-rays emphysema easily seen if the patient smokes or has long- term exposure to certain industrial dust or pollutants. Most COPD patients suffer from anxiety, depression or
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a lung disease that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma and bronchiectasis. COPD is a known to increase breathlessness, frequent coughing, wheezing, and tightness in the chest. Many patients are unaware of their symptoms and spend years not knowing that they are COPD patients. In the begging COPD may cause no symptoms or only mild symptoms, but as the years pass and the disease gets worse symptoms are usually more severe. One common test to test for COPD is the spirometry test. COPD is so common it affects almost 30 million people in the U.S. COPD can be developed from inhaling pollutants, which includes smoking and second-hand smoke. Fumes, chemicals, and dust are also some reasons people develop COPD. Genetics is also one of the big reasons many patients develop COPD. COPD mostly affects people at the age of 40 and older who are mostly smokers. There is no cure for COPD, only treatments to relieve symptoms and to keep the disease from getting worse. One example of a COPD patient, is Mrs. S who is a 65 years old man with COPD, but Mr. S has never been treated for COPD. Meaning
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is preventable disease that has a detrimental effects on both the airway and lung parenchyma (Nazir & Erbland, 2009). COPD categorises emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both of which are characterised by a reduced maximum expiratory flow and slow but forced emptying of the lungs (Jeffery 1998). The disease has the one of the highest number of fatalities in the developed world due to the ever increasing amount of tobacco smokers and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014). Signs and symptoms that indicate the presence of the disease include a productive cough, wheezing, dyspnoea and predisposing risk factors (Edelman et al., 1992). The diagnosis of COPD is predominantly based on the results of a lung function assessment (Larsson, 2007). Chronic bronchitis is differentiated from emphysema by it's presentation of a productive cough present for a minimum of three months in two consecutive years that cannot be attributed to other pulmonary or cardiac causes (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014) (Viegi et al., 2007). Whereas emphysema is defined pathologically as as the irreversible destruction without obvious fibrosis of the lung alveoli (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014) (Veigi et al., 2007).It is common for emphysema and chronic bronchitis to be diagnosed concurrently owing to the similarities between the diseases (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014).
Hinkle, Janice, and Kerry Cheever. “Management of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease." Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Ed. Philadelphia: Lisa McAllister, 2013. 619-630. Print.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airflow restrictions that cannot be entirely undone once damaged happened. COPD leads to injured lungs, making them narrow and air flow out and into the lungs problematic. It can be produced by environmental or work-related exposure to contamination, dust and smoking. Emphysema and Pneumonia is but 2 of the disease processes that fall below this umbrella of COPD (Mitchel, 2015).
The main objective of this experiment is to measure the vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC) of people of different gender. The main methods used in this investigation can be divided into two parts, namely investigation on VC and investigation on TLC. The main method used for investigation of VC is by exhaling the maximum volume of air inhaled into the spirometer. The reading from the spirometer is then recorded. The main method for TLC is by inhaling the maximum volume of air, followed by normal exhalation. The remaining volume of air inside the lungs is forced into the spirometer. The reading of the spirometer is then multiplied by 6 to obtain TLC. The main results from this experiment is that the both the VC and TLC are higher in male students than females. Therefore, from this experiment, we can conclude that the VC and TLC of men are generally greater than women.
Spirometry performed today has come back normal with no bronchodilator response and normal range gas transfer. Chest auscultation remains clear.
The patient is a 56-year-old male admitted for altered mental status, scalp laceration, and right pneumothorax after a fall off his porch onto concrete. This patient has been in the hospital for 9 days with these problems and now has developed pneumonia and showing signs of possible sepsis. One of the abnormal assessment findings were his respiratory assessment. Currently the patient has a trach tube and is on mechanical ventilation of 50%. He has diminished breath sounds on the right side especially in the base of the lung and clear on the left side. The patient has regular labored breathing with the use of accessory muscles. Another abnormal finding is that his heart rate is tachy and heart rhythm