Our group presentation is on Andean South America and my part is on subsistence. Machu Picchu was controlled by the Inca empire in the southern Pole of Altiplano. In the northern side of the Lake Titicaca basin, they had both alpaca and llama herding as well as potato and quinoa agriculture. The puna grasslands of the higher altiplano were used to graze alpaca and llama. In the coastal regions the Pacific shore yields, millions of small schooling fish such as the anchovies. However, it is surrounded by a dry landscape which can only be cultivated with large irrigation systems and long canals. Only 10% of this land can be farmed and the people relied mostly on the fishery of the Pacific. Maize agriculture and irrigation were introduced to the coast in 2500 B.C. Mollusks and large fish were vital sources on the coast. But, Anchoveta could be netted throughout the year from small canoes. 90 percent of the coastal food came from the ocean. …show more content…
They also grew cotton and much of its subsistence came from anchovies. In Huaca Florida, their subsistence change from fishing to large-scale irrigation agriculture. They shift their settlements inlands to the river valleys and they consume larger amounts of root crops. Some scholars believe that this move coincided with the introduction of the large-scale canal irrigation. They farmed cotton, gourds, squashes, and beans. At first, the farming was done by individual family members, but over time the community became larger and irrigation works could only be handled by cooperative
The animals that were on the land were found to be basically fruits and vegetables. The Aztec’s and Inca’s seemed to eat only these things which were very healthy and good for their bodies. The Aztec’s and Incas seemed like a very well-devoted tribe to one another.
The Sierra de la Serenidad is right between two settlement groups in a mountain pass. The mountain pass can lead up to a priest at the top of the mountain where there will be a lot of religious activity going on because the settlers feel like they need to be in a trance to relax. The climate is extremely dry around the area because it is surrounded by two rivers that go into the sea where there is a lot of humidity. Through the coastal plain and desert strip that goes down to the coast, climate and soil combine to support an agricultural economy based on maize. The pass system in the Andes was set up to control the commodity flow in the lake. This type of economy is thought to be around for 2,000 years. The settlers ate the fish that were in the water around the complex.
Colonizing has a big effect on a country making it either beneficial or negative. It also leaves many legacies behind influencing how a country functions today. When a country gets colonized they are introduced to new cultures and ideas that are brought over by the country that colonizes them. During the colonial period of Peru the Spanish brought over their culture and ideas influencing and leaving behind different legacies. These legacies that are left behind affect a country throughout their development of a country. Francisco Pizarro and his Spanish settlements were responsible for the conquering of Peru in 1532. Peru inhabitants were known as Incas and they lived in the Inca Empire. Peru is in the South American continent located on the
The Canela People are native to Brazil, populating the zone in-between the Amazon basin and the Northeast (“Brazil’s Canela Indian Festivals” 1). Their diet has evolved greatly over time as they came into contact with the outside world. Historically, they were more of a food foraging people than horticulturalists, meaning they mostly scavenged wild plants, roots, nuts and eggs, fished, and practiced limited hunting of tapir, deer, emu, boar, paca, cutia, and fox. Up until the 19th century, the Canela relied only 20% on horticulture (“Canela” 1). In their limited practice the Canela grew manioc, maize beans, squash, peanuts and sweet potatoes (“Canela” 1). The Canela’s hunting and food foraging ways shifted around 1814 when they first made contact with the Europeans. The Canela and Europeans conflicted over several issues. Primarily, the two groups clashed over cattle. The European’s cattle lured the Canela; they often raided plantations and killed cattle in large numbers. The Canela were eventually resettled onto merely five percent of their previous land and thus forced to change their subsistence patterns (Crocker "Journal of the Society" 33). With less land, they did not have the same access to recourses for foraging. Instead, they adopted the slash- and-burn Brazilian farming techniques. Additionally, the Europeans influenced the Canela’s subsistence by teaching them to cultivate watermelons, sugar cane, rice and bananas; with the capability to grow more crops, the Canela shifted away from food foraging and towards horticulture. The Canela have since been relocated several times to different reservations.
The Inca Empire Janos Gyarmati’s Paria la Viexa and an expanding empire: Provincial centers in the political economy of the Inca Empire proved that the Inca’s built an empire unlike any other. From 1440 to 1532 A.D., the Inca Empire dominated the Americas. Known as “the fastest growing and largest territorial empire”(Gyarmati 37) of its time, the Inca Empire left a mark with their complex, perpetual and innovative economic, road, and settlement system. The Inca’s were advanced for their time, however, they lacked a system that would guarantee the survival of their kin. In order to strive, for the long-term, the Inca’s created provincial centers that would ensure their growth and economy for the generations to come.
Agriculture was very important for the Aztec empire to flourish. The Aztecs had a variety of methods of doing agriculture. One of the first methods of agriculture was known to be rainfall cultivation. Rainfall cultivation was a major factor to them in there early stage of the Empire. Rainfall helped the Aztecs to grow crops where ever they wanted and the quality of the dirt or terrain did not matter. Another method that led to the success of Aztec agriculture was the construction of canal systems. The canal systems and dams helped the Aztecs to harvest on regular basis. The canal systems helped them irrigate their large fields in the valley. The last method the Aztecs implemented was the chinampas. Chinampas were areas of the land raised and were made up of mud from the lake. The land had very rich soil that the Aztecs used to grow a lot of crops all throughout the year. The main crops the Aztecs grew were maize, fruits, beans, tomatoes, and avocados. Out of all the different cr...
Before Europeans discovered Latin America, there were some civilizations that already lived and died on that land. The first known civilization sometimes referred to as the “mother culture” or the Olmec lived throughout Mexico for about 1,700 years and vanished in 300 B.C. The three civilizations that thrived after the Olmec before the Europeans arrived throughout Mexico and Latin America were the Maya, the Aztec, and the Inca. Life in Latin America prior to the European contact insinuated a paradox because they had an organized leadership and were spiritual, yet they caused mayhem through violence and war. Being as methodical as they were, having an organized leadership kept peace in the city states but didn’t keep peace throughout the other city-states. The rulers were power-hungry and wanted to conquer many city-states to create an empire which caused war. Also, these civilizations were very spiritual throughout their common day lives, but believed in some gods from the underworld that wanted blood through human sacrifice. This was a very violent way of worshiping their gods that they embraced it.
Did you know that Peru is one of the top ten countries to visit in the world? (UNWTO) Peru has unique music and energetic dances that are fun to see. The people are friendly and charming; they would be happy to help one find their way if they need help. But, the main reason Peru appears on the top ten list is because of its unique geographical features. Some examples are the Andes Mountains, Machu Picchu and Cusco. The art and culture of the Peruvians, as well as the people themselves,and the popular places to go, are what tourists like to see in Peru.
Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans, these were three of the largest ancient civilizations in the western hemisphere, beasts of their time. They all had amazing qualities, the Aztecs were the fearsome warriors, the Incas were agricultural geniuses, and the Mayans were impeccable inventors. They all brought so much to the table and left so much behind for us to uncover. But, the question of who truly was the best of these three immaculate cultures? I believe that the Inca civilization is the superior of the three other major civilizations. This is true because of their resourceful farming methods, high-caliber art, and innovational architecture.
The broad range of topographical elevations has encouraged agricultural expansion whose diverse production of food constitutes an important part of the Colombian economy. The agricultural sector contributed 14% of GDP, excluding coffee, with a production worth almost 11 billion US. In the hot lowlands of the Caribbean heartland, the inter-montages valleys, and the savannas of Orinoquia, there are immense plantations of bananas, sugar cane, rice, cotton, soybeans and sorghum, and large cattle farms that produce meat and dairy products. (Sited Dennis Hanratty)
The great Inca empire had an astonishing influence on Peru as well as Latin America. One way that the Incas influenced Latin America as well a space is by making freeze dried food. The Incas would make freeze dried food in case of a drought or crop failure. But how did such an early empire create something still used today? The Incas live up high in the Andes mountains in the altitudinal zone Terre Fría, it was freezing. The Incas would take potatoes or any type of crop and put cloth around it. They would take the wrapped crop and place it down to freeze over night. After it would freeze they would squeeze the moisture out of the potato and repeat this process until they made freezed dried food. The freeze dried potato would be called chuño.
The cuisine of Peru is a combination between traditional Amerindian cooking and the cuisine of the Spanish conquistadors that came into the country in the 16th century. Maize, beans, and potatoes were the standard ingredients of the pre-Columbian cooking in Peru. These three staples remain an integral part of Peruvian cuisine and were ex...
The “Lost City of the Incas” has a history attached to its name. It is believed to have been built between 1440 and 1450 at the pinnacle of the Inca reign. Machu Picchu is thought to have originally been built as a sacred religion site, and this is based off of its location. Due to little information about the Inca, it is difficult to determine the city’s history between the time it was built up the the Spanish conquest.
Machu Picchu is an indescribable legacy of the Incan Empire. It demonstrates the advance technology and architectural skills of the Incas. Machu Picchu covers about 32,500 hectares in the mountainous territory that tourists would describe it as “magical”. The majestic site is one of the most important cultural sites in Latin America. On top of that, Machu Picchu’s architectural skills were profound. The Incas built the entire city without the usage of iron and steel. The Incas were then able to build one of the world’s most impressive sites marking its own history. The superior stonework done by the Incas left a significant mark to the world that it is possible to use natural raw material to build such a defined city that fits its surroundings. Up until today, Machu Picchu still provides a small living environment for people and secures the habitat for their endang...
In conclusion, this research paper was all about the Nazca Lines and the Nazca Indians and also where they were located, how they lived, and why the Nazca Indians created the Nazca Lines. There is also many details about the theories on the Nazca Lines based on how they got there, and how the Nazca Indians created them. There are many more details about the Nazca Indians and what some of the lines form. Also, there are details about how they got water and how they grew the crops and what they ate to survive in the Peru desert for so long.