1.1 Definition of Ventilation
Ventilation is a process of replacing stagnant air in the building with fresh air to provide indoor air quality. Ventilation includes not only the exchange of air with the outside environment, but also circulating the air within the building. Maintaining indoor air quality includes controlling of the temperature, removal of odors, dust, airbone bacteria, smoke, carbon dioxide, and replenishing of oxygen.
1.2 Why Ventilation is required
Ventilation is important for the health and comfort of building inhabitants. A human spends nearly 90% of the time indoor. So, Ventilation is of great importance in human life. Some of the points, which reveal that Ventilation plays an important role in providing human comfort, are:
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Natural Ventilation uses purpose-built, building envelope openings to drive stale air out and fresh air in. Purpose-built openings such as doors, solar chimneys, windows, trickle ventilators and wind towers play an important role in Natural Ventilation. The usage of Natural Ventilation is limited depending on the type of building design, climate and the required indoor air quality. Natural Ventilation purely relies on pressure differences to provide fresh air and circulate it in the building. These pressure differences can be caused by wind or the buoyancy effect created by differences in the temperature or humidity. In both of the above mentioned cases, the amount of ventilation depends on the size and placement of openings in the building. The dependency on Natural Ventilation is limited, as it cannot be useful at all times. Considering the cost and environmental impacts of energy usage, it is the best method to reduce cost and energy use for providing accepetable indoor air quality. In favorable building types and climates, Natural Ventilation can be used an alternative to air-conditioning which can save upto 10% to 30% of total energy …show more content…
The occupants are never tempted to switch it off because of its noise.
• Operate when needed: The system would operate itself without the intervention of the occupant when indoor/outdoor air exchange is needed.
• Operate only when needed: This is the most important function of a mechanical ventilation system, since it is associated with the costs of electricity. It should not operate unnecessarily when there is no need of indoor/outdoor air exchange. For example air exchange is not required when there are no occupants in the house, and when there is a sufficient air exchange due to wind or stack effect.
• Distribution of the outdoor air where needed: It is just not only enough to change the air as a whole to provide acceptable indoor air quality. But the system should also be able to bring-in the fresh air where an occupant spends most of his time like the living room, kitchen.
• Provide the needed amount of air exchange: The system should be able to provide enough outdoor air to maintain indoor air quality. It must be capable of modulating delivery, so that it may not deliver more than what is required. If it delivers more outdoor air than what is required, then it is likely to have excess energy costs and low humidity which annoys the
The respiratory system undeniably serves a very important function in the body. Anyone who has had any event where they couldn’t breathe normally, or maybe not at all, recognizes the importance and mental peace that comes with being able to breathe stress free.
Respiratory assessment is a significant aspect of nursing practice. According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, respiratory rate is the best indicator of an ill patient and it is the first observation that will demonstrate a problem or deterioration in condition (Philip, Richardson, & Cohen, 2013). When a respiratory assessment performed effectively on a patient, it can result in upholding patient’s comfort and independence in progress of symptom management. Studies have acknowledged that in spite of the importance of the respiratory rate (RR) it is documented rarely than the other vital signs in the hospital settings (Parkes, 2011). This essay will highlight the importance of respiratory assessment and discuss why nurses
...rary, ask your neighbor, I don't care. Just find a system that you're comfortable with. The point is to elevate your preparation beyond that of a regular fan.
Generally, T_low set closer to terminate at 50% - 70% of the peak expiratory flow rate (T-PEFR). 8 Many studies have advocated setting of T_low according to the peak expiratory flow termination.9 Inappropriate mechanical ventilation setting can lead to ventilation-induce lung injury (VILI). Dr. Kollisch-Singule and colleagues discussed a study where they hypothesized that lung injury can be reduced by modifying specific components of ventilation waveforms.9 In their study, control mandatory ventilation (CMV) was compare to APRV in analyzing the effect of mechanical breath on the lung units for both ventilation modes. During APRV when expiratory time was adjusted to regulate peak expiratory flow rate termination point to 75% , the gas distribution to the terminal airways was almost similar to that of the normal lung. Whereas, in CMV and APRV smaller percentage of peak expiratory flow termination, the gas distribution to the terminal airways was lower and increase "conduction airway micro-strain". The finding indicated that APRV with 75% of peak expiratory flow termination is the optimal setting to achieve lung protective goals.
Ventilation and perfusion, an essential contributing factor to living organisms, can be negatively effected by many different factors. Some diseases that effect ventilation and perfusion include congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, cystic fibrosis and emphysema to name a few. Each of these diseases negatively effect how our bodies would normally ventilate and perfuse. Ventilation is the body’s way of getting in the oxygen it needs to perfuse throughout your body. Ventilation happens in the respiratory system, mainly focusing on the lungs. Ventilation can be impacted by multiple factors, some including, inflammation of the airway, fluid in the lungs and a foreign body obstructing the airway. Perfusion is the way your body delivers oxygenated blood to tissues. Not only does it deliver oxygenated blood, but it also returns deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated, delivers different nutrients to your tissues and removes waste byproducts that are naturally made in the body.
Environment plays a big role in human health. Having a healthy environment such as clean air can bring positive impact to people’s health.
The lungs are a vital part of the respiratory system, a group of organs and tissues that work together to help humans breathe. The system’s main job is to move fresh air into the body while removing waste gases. Lungs are important because every cell in the body needs oxygen to live. The air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases. Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried throughout the human body. The bloodstream then carries the waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed from the blood stream and then exhaled. The lungs and respiratory system automatically perform this vital process, called gas exchange (American Lung Association). Lungs contain millions of air sacs called alveoli. With each breath,
pulmonary ventilation - During this process the air is inhaled through the nasal and/or oral cavities. It
This section you will learn how the respiratory system works. Organs in your body are responsible for you to inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide (zimmermann, Kim Ann). Red blood cells collect oxygen and bring it to the areas needed, while thats happening carbon dioxide is being collected and gets carried back to lungs and get exhaled (zimmermann, Kim Ann). When you breathe the air goes in through your nose or mouth and travels through different tubes that lead to your lungs (zimmermann, Kim Ann). There are lobes on each lung that are called alveoli, when the air gets to these the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide happens(zimmermann, Kim Ann). Many different diseases and/or conditions can occur, some diseases are influenza, bacterial pneumonia, etc… (zimmermann, Kim Ann).
You are a firefighter and upon arrival at the scene of a working fire you have a lot of decisions to make. One of the most key decisions a chief officer, or firefighter following standard operating procedures has to make in the early stages of a building fire is whether to ventilate or not? The strategy of venting fire buildings must be approached from many angles. In the United States it has long been accepted that there are three criteria for making that decision. Vent for life, safety or the fire with that in mind firefighters must make themselves aware of the effects of ventilating structure before making the that decision.
The dehumidifier helps reduce the amount of moisture and creates dry air of a certain area that this machine is being placed in, so this means that it can be used in many cities that are close to the equator. So the main issue which this technology can solve, are moist environments. And humid air can usually create moulds to grow on walls, and eventually make a person sick.
Although satisfying thermal comfort for each occupant should be considered as ideal design requirement; individual factors, activity and clothing level or personal expectations leads the designers to provide comfort for the majority of the occupancy. This definition is only depends on relative humidity and temperature (Sensirion,
We just learned about the outdoor air pollution, now we have to learn about the indoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution, is founded with the highest concentration of harmful fumes or toxic pollutants than outdoors. According to Nature, Causes, and Burden of Condition, air pollution is considering “a major threat to health, particularly for women and young children, who may spend many hours close to the fire”, other words most of the household uses “solid fuels burn them in open fire or simple stoves that release most of the smoke into the home”, creating more air pollution (Bruce, Rehfuess, Mehta, Hutton, & Smith
furnaces. By letting all these gases release into the air, it makes it harder to breathe.
Air pollution is when a poisonous or harmful substance is released into the air. There are many forms of pollution but air is one of them, it only occurs when dust, harmful gases or smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it hard for species like plants, animals and humans to live in a difficult situation because of the dirty air. Air Pollution is classified in two sections, invisible air pollution and visible air pollution.. Hence any substance that makes it difficult for the living things that need the atmosphere is air pollution. Humans have been undergoing air pollution ever since the industrial revolution.