A. Based on your understanding of the concept of integrity rules, Three (3) integrity rules must be enforced by a relational DBMS. List, and give a brief description of each of the three rules.
Answer: There are three integrity rules must be enforced by the relational Database Management System (DBMS) those are as follows:
I. Entity Integrity: primary key
• Each table must have a (Column’s) unique values
• No rows have a Missing values
• Ensure traceable entities here unique means not to have a same values
II. Referential Integrity: foreign keys
• Column value of one table must match column table of related table.
• Referential Integrity ensures database contain valid connections
III. Domain integrity: acceptable values for a column
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DBMS Complexity: During design phase optimum use the database must be very carefully designed. If not done well, the new system may fail to satisfy anyone. The complexity and breadth of the functions provided by a DBMS make it a complex product to use.
III. Greater Impact of failure: A failure is one of the vital reasons of any one user that damages the database and affects all the other users on the system. There are many cases we found all data is integrated into a single database. If database is corrupted due to various reasons like power failure or it is corrupted, then our valuable data may be lost or whole system stops.
IV. More difficult recovery: In general we regularly create data backup to protect the valuable data from damaging due to failures to the computer system or application program. If the data volume is large it’s really a time consuming. If the database is being updated by a large number of users, all update must be redone since the time of its restoration. Most of the DBMSs provide the 'backup and recovery ' sub-systems that automatically create the backup of data and restore data if system fails in the middle (or end) of an update operation of the
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What problem would you encounter if you wanted to produce a listing by city? How would you solve this problem by altering the file structure?
Answer:
Using this table (FIGURE P1.1) if I want to generate a list of city it is very difficult to generate at a time. Need huge initial work on address variable because it’s a composite address where city name is available but difficult to separate in a single query.
Having those in mind need to more carefully design the database structure where we can easily generate required outputs in any time, so create a separate city variable to solved the problem.
D. What data redundancies do you detect in the figure P1.1? How could those redundancies lead to anomalies?
Answer:
Manager_Phone and Manager_Address is data redundancies in the figure P1.1.
Unnecessary data being in the database is the definition of data redundancies. Don’t have one to one relationship data in a table. Here if Project Manager and Manager_Phone and Manager_Address one to one relation and no duplication so what’s harmed to redundancies and Manager_Phone and Manager_Address its unnecessary data and create database wide is bigger.
E. List and describe five data types that you will often encounter when working with
Data could be lost permanently, rather than at least being available in a consistent state that existed prior to a failure.
In order to prevent both intentional and unintentional alteration, and destruction of information, any software application needs controls to ensure the reliability of data. Here are two specific controls per each one of the three data control categories, and how each control contributes to ensuring the data reliability in the format requested.
Firstly, these types of systems are installed in an environment which instantly adapts to the complex system and starts generating new requirements from the very moment it starts using it. These new requirements may occur because only after a process of trial and error can one truly see what functions with a system and what does not; and these things may not have been evident before the installment of the complex system.
If updated information is lost or misplaced, then the employees will have to update information again which is time consuming as if they made backup in the first place they could have been focusing on something else in that time, they will fall behind in their work. Another way it effects John Lewis is because it prevents them from losing business such as its employees and customer information, which could difficult the way they work so for instant making regular backups ensures that John Lewis can always have access to the information they need without them constantly worry about losing it. This will protect John Lewis staff and its customers as they will not be lost. If John Lewis keep backing up their information this will save them a lot of time and money in case anything happens. One way to this is that John Lewis can automatically put the computer using a software than auto synchronization their important files in certain times so that they will not forget to do so as the system already did it. If they did this, then this will stop from losing work at all which would make them spend money if they had to redo it all again. This will take a lot of time than
What is complexity? How does it differ from complicated issues? Complicated systems are exactly what Microsoft Word said. They are multifaceted and intricate. They have several parts, but there is only one determined way for these systems to work. This means that a change in one area will always create a change in another area, because the parts are connected in a predictable manner.
Backup copies are processes that are used to save information. It is to say, a user wants to save all the information or part of the information available on the PC up to this moment; will make a backup copy in such a way that it will save the information in some technologically available storage, the urgent care clinic, the Systems area has two of the Servers as Backups administrator (Allen 2004)[2]; for later if a loss occurs in the computer equipment of one of the users and information is lost, from the Systems area the process of restoring the information to the date of the last backup made by the end user can be performed. In order for the process to be functional, users must periodically complete the process according to the indications given by the Systems
A database management system, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data and helps them transform the data into information. Such database management systems include dBase, Paradox, IMS, and Oracle. These systems allow users to create, update, and extract information from their databases. Compared to a manual filing system, the biggest advantages to a computerized database system are speed, accuracy, and accessibility.
But if they lose they data and work they have to make sure that they can get their data back this is why they use backups one hard drive but if that is lose or destroyed they won’t be able to get it back and that is why the now use cloud as well this makes it so that their data is save and is heavily encrypted so that no one can get
“What do you think integrity means?” I think that integrity means is having the ability to be caring, honest, and kind to everyone. Integrity applies to my life in many ways and in different places, such as school. During school there is both integrity and dishonesty around me at all time. Not only is this ability affecting my life now, but also it is going to affect my life in the future.
United States. U.S. Army. Department of the Army. U.S. Army Noncommissioned Officer Professional Development Guide. Washington D.C.: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 2008. Army Publishing Directorate. Web. 02 May 2014. .
Sometimes it’s just simple a query or some data cleansing methods used by the users or data librarians, whatever may the cause be, data-loss is a very common phenomenon. Backup and recovery methods are provided by the Oracle database management systems which ensure the safety of valuable data in case of data loss however, not all data-loss situations can utilize the complete and tedious recovery concepts from the backup. Oracle introduced flashback features from Oracle 9i onwards to address simple data recovery needs.
The Disaster Recovery Plan deals more with the restoration of computer systems, software and connections to full functionality under a variety of damaging or interfering external conditions. Business Continuity is a more comprehensive approach from a business point-of-view to ensure that the business continues to make money not only during a natural disaster but when dealing with daily issues, such as a failed disk, server or DB, and/or possibly a bad communications line.... ... middle of paper ... ... The consequence of not having insurance will result in higher costs in replacement and restoration of hardware and related technology during a disastrous event.
Smith, PHD (an associate professor of economics at the Graziadio School of Business and Management at Pepperdine University), 6% of data losses is the result of software corruption and 40% is due to hardware failure. So what does this have to do with using up-to-date technology? Choosing to save money today by using unsupported software and outdated hardware are primary reasons for software corruption and hardware failure. Even more, there’s nothing more frustrating than losing data or having a hardware failure that brings employees to a grinding halt and negatively impacts
Integrity is how somebody lives their life. In this life we live, we face choices every day that only we can answer. We dictate how we run our own lives, and they way we run them defines us. Integrity is doing the right thing versus the wrong thing. People, if nothing else, can always have their pride, their integrity. It is something that means a lot to some people and then nothing to others. The ones who value their integrity highly are the good people in this world, and the opposite is true for those who do not value their integrity.
The cost of the hardware and software itself is very pricey, along with the upgrades that it costs to keep it running. If a growing small business wants to change from a computer file-based system to a database system, it must be converted. This is a difficult task and time consuming, because you will have to hire a database designer, system designer and application programmers, and since a database management system should not be taken lightly, it is important to hire professionals that will do it right. After creating it, it is important to teach staff members how to use it, which will require time and more money. They will have to learn about programming, application development and database administration. It will also cost a company more money to pay people to handle the database management system. This will include a database administrator and application programmers, which are trained professionals which require a hefty