UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Classifying Macromolecules With the use of Iodine, Benedict’s and Biuret tests Student ID: 20590465 Chae-Woon (Amy) Hwang Partners: Russell and Cindy Jeong BIO130L Teaching Assistants: Katarina Vuckovic & Monica Gromala Section: 003 9/16/2014 Identifying macromolecules using different tests Introduction: The objective of this lab is to determine the unknown macromolecule given by using three different tests such as the iodine test, benedict’s test and biuret test. It is possible to observe what kind of macromolecule the unknown substance is by analyzing the different colour changes and the positive and negative results when the molecule reacts with the different tests. Macromolecules are the backbone …show more content…
There are two types of synthetic polymers which are called condensation and addition polymers. The condensation polymers result when there is a reaction between two poly functional molecules which gets rid off a small molecule. For example, the polyester Dacron is a synthetic condensation polymer. Addition polymers on the other hand are formed in a domino effect including monomers with double bonds. Once the polymers are formed they tend to take on a linear shape or a star/comb like shape and then they are classified as linear and branched polymers. There are four major biological macromolecules which are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are sugar molecules that are made from C, H and O in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monosaccharides and disaccharides are carbohydrates divided into simple sugars while polysaccharides are carbohydrates that are divided into complex sugars such as starch. Lipids are substances like fat and phospholipids are important components of all living creatures. They are hydrophobic and thus it is difficult to break down to form energy. Biological polymers are made of amino acids, nucleotides and sugars. A significant biological polymer …show more content…
Identification of Some Macromolecules pg. 17 BIO130L Fall 2014 Results Table #1: Iodine, Benedict’s and Biuret Test Beaker # Iodine Test Benedict’s Test Biuret Test Positive or Negative
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
Introduction: Someone in a restaurant has suddenly fallen ill and a mystery powder has been discovered with the victim. As the chief investigator, your duty is to identify the mystery substance through a lab. In this lab, it will consist of five known compounds and one unknown compound. Your job is to distinguish which one out of the five substances is the mystery powder. To figure out the mystery matter you will have to compare their physical and chemical properties and match them with the appropriate compound. Furthermore, you will compare their reactions with water, universal indicator, vinegar and iodine solution to discover what the mystery powder is.
The Biuret test is used in identifing the bond between the amino group and carboxyl group in proteins. These bonds are found on adjacent amino acids and are called peptide bonds. In the test, peptide bonds in proteins complex with Cu in Biuret reagent and produce a violet color. Both the egg albumen and protein solution showed hi abundence of proteins. The egg albumen is rich in protein because it is the food source for the individual as it developes into its species.
Testing of Intercellular Material for DNA through Agarose Electrophoresis Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to determine whether or not DNA was actually extracted in the prior week’s experiment, in which E. Coli bacteria’s was lysed and through a series of chemical extractions it’s inner contents were harvested. Methods: 4.5 mL E.Coli EDTA suspension pipetted into a conical tube. After this, 0,25 mL lysosome solution was put inside the same tube. Both were incubated at 37°C for a few minutes. Once out of the incubator, 0.5 mL of 10% SDS was added.
Carbon is essential to many basic biological functions. Carbon’s unique properties are what make this element the basis of all living matter. Carbon is also responsible for the creation of monomers, polymers, and macromolecules. Monomers are small, simple units of carbon that have been strung together to form larger polymers. Polymers are more complex molecules made from individual carbon monomers. Macromolecules are very large molecules made from carbon based chains, such as polymers. The four classes of macromolecules include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The creation of these very important macromolecules is caused by the properties of carbon. These properties include carbon’s ability to form four covalent bonds, carbon’s
Campbell and Farrell define proteins as polymers of amino acids that have been covalently joined through peptide bonds to form amino acid chains (61). A short amino acid chain comprising of thirty amino acids forms a peptide, and a longer chain of amino acids forms a polypeptide or a protein. Each of the amino acids making up a protein, has a fundamental design that comprises of a central carbon or alpha carbon that is bonded to a hydrogen element, an amino grouping, a carboxyl grouping, and a unique side chain or the R-group (Campbell and Farrell 61).
however, is a synthetic fiber. It is a polyamide whose molecular chains are formed by regularly
Macromolecules are define as large molecules of structures found in living organisms. There are four types of macromolecules, which are proteins, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and lipids also known as fats. Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are made of monomers, which are structural units that eventually attached together to form polymers (Dooley 20). For instance, proteins are made of amino acids, which are monomers. In addition, it has a complex structure, which consist of four different levels, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The first structure of protein is the primary structure, which is the sequence of amino acid, while in the secondary structure alpha and beta helices are formed. The structure, in which a protein becomes active, is in the tertiary structure, which is where polypeptide subunits fold. Meanwhile, only certain proteins have the quaternary structure, which is when, more than one polypeptide folds. Proteins are prominent macromolecules mainly because of their numerous functions. For instance, proteins are known for increasing the rate of reactions due to that enzymes are a type of protein. In addition, they are a form of defense mechanism such as they attack pathogens, which cause diseases. In other words, scientists study and gain more insight on certain illness and how to prevent them by using proteins. For example, in a recent study,
Although the fundamental property of bulk polymers is the degree of polymerization, the physical structure of the chain is also an important factor that determines the macroscopic properties.
LAB REPORT 1st Experiment done in class Introduction: Agarose gel electrophoresis separates molecules by their size, shape, and charge. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, are some examples. Buffered samples such as glycerol and glucose are loaded into a gel. An electrical current is placed across the gel.
I researched polyamides, polyamides are a type of macromolecule that have repeating units linked by amide bonds. Polyamides are a general category of Polymers and the most common example of them are Nylons and Kevlars so nothing is just a polyamide it will be a certain type. The monomer unit, a molecule that is bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer, for polyamides the monomer unit varies due to the fact they can easily copolymerize, which is when two or more different monomers come together the result being a copolymer. However, the most popular monomer you will find will be an amide bond,a covalent bond linking two or more amino acids, CONH₂. Amino acids take many different forms but
It is very important that every human consumes food that contains the four main biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Macromolecules are vital because they help the body function on a daily basis from stimulating hormones, enough energy in the body to have movement and communication in the muscles, or structure for DNA and RNA. In each of the macromolecules, comprises of both Monomers (except lipids) that are small unit structures that form or associate with each other to build a Polymer chain. The Polymer can either assemble by dehydration synthesis (removal of a water molecule) or be dissembled through the process of hydrolysis (addition of water molecule). All humans should balance out variety of foods
Proteins are polymers of amino acids. As lipids and polysaccharides, proteins are formed as a result of dehydration synthesis. The nitrogen of the amino group of an amino acid is bound to the carbon group of another amino acid with a single covalent bond, and water is liberated. Through dehydration synthesis, amino acids are able to link together to form polypeptides. For dehydration synthesis to occur, the carboxyl group of an amino acid needs to be adjacent to another amino acid group. So when they are adjacent, an enzyme can cause them to join by catalyzing dehydration synthesis. ("Amino Acid")
Polymers can be very complicated and you can do into great depth to what they are. “Polymers are molecules which consist of a long, repeating chain of smaller units called monomers.” The next question would be what monomers are. Monomers are atoms about 4-10 atoms in size. When monomers are combined together they create polymers. (Anissimov) Polymers are simply a very long chain of atom chemically bonded together. When polymers form together they can form three different type of configurations or they patterns in which the atoms or bonded together. The three configurations are Homopolymer, Copolymer, and Graft polymer.(Teegarden)
All forms of life are composed only of biomolecules. For example, humans have skin and hair. The main part of hair is keratin , an agglomeration of proteins which are themselves polymersbuilt from amino acids.