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The contributions of greeks towards mathematics
The contributions of greeks towards mathematics
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Today, we meet a great 4th-century mathematician, Hypatia. Hypatia of Alexandria was an outstanding individual and didn’t only bless the math world but also involved in Neoplatonist, and rationalist. The part of Hypatia’s life we are going to examine today is her life in mathematics. She was brought up in the math world ushered by her father Theon of Alexandria, and eventually replaced him as the mathematician of Alexandria (Osen).
Hypatia was born in a museum, it was the great center of learning and the storehouse of knowledge in the ancient world, in the year of AD 370. Hypatia was gifted in every way, she was beautiful, and about as smart as they come. A famous quote from her father reads “Reserve your right to think, for even the wrongly is better than not to think at all. Theon had high expectations for his daughter for he was intent on producing a perfect human being. For this reason, Hypatia was a fortunate child. Theon also made his daughter do physical activities, such as rowing, swimming, and horseback riding, to keep Hypatia physically fit. Hypatia was trained in speech enhancing her ability to relay her knowledge to others and her giftedness to be an orator (Eves).
Hypatia was also very well-traveled, while traveling abroad in Athens, Greece, Hypitaia attended a university where she established her fame as a mathematician. One of the greatest attributes of Hypatia is she didn’t take her knowledge and keep it sealed to herself, she also was a teacher. She taught neo-Platonist philosophy, and astronomy, at the same institute as her father, and was regarded as an excellent teacher (Eugene).
Hypatia
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became an excellent public speaker and scholar, also esteeming from her father as he was the head faculty at the local library. There she wrote on Astronomy and Mathematics, and worked on algebraic equations and conic sections. She aided the Math world by inventing the astrolabe for ship navigation and devices for measuring the density of fluids (Osen). She was involved with a few men but never settled down, she thought it would only hinder her advancement. The story of Hypatia’s death isn’t a pretty one, she died at the early age of 45. Alexandria was divided between Christians and non-Christians political power was also divided and this ran the tension high in the town. The power was divided between Bishop Cyril and Hypatia’s close friend Orestes. Cyril was only looking for power and never had any intensions of bettering Alexandria (Osen). Hypatia was a rationalist and Cyril was a conservative and dogmatic, quite the opposite the two were. The two were known enemies and Cyril was out to get Hypatia. In AD 415 Cyril’s thugs carried out a political uprising and made Hypatia the target. They began a riot and in the middle of it they kidnapped Hypatia on her way to the library. They hauled her from her keepers tortured her horribly, and finally burned her alive (Osen). Like I said her death is not a pretty one! Hypatia shouldn’t be remembered for her death but rather her life. She didn’t only have a brilliant mind but also a brilliant heart. Hypatia was not selfish, she didn’t hold in her knowledge she gave it to the world. Hypatia went down in my book as a true hero. Works Cited Eugene Boman, reviewer, “Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician and Martyr,” Convergence (December 2007) Eves, H.
W. (1964). "An introduction to the history of mathematics" (5th ed.). New York, NY: The Saunders Series.
Osen, L. M. (1992). "Women in mathematics." Cmabridge, MA: The Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
Hypnos was the son of Nyx (goddess of night) and Erebus (god of darkness.) He had many siblings such as his twin brother, Thanatos (god of death). Thanatos and Hypnos had the most desired and dangerous abilities in Greek mythology: sleep, dreams, fear, and death. Some of his other siblings were Nemesis (goddess of retribution), Eris (goddess of chaos), Keres (god of female death-spirits). When Hypnos was older he got married to Pasithea (goddess of relaxation) and had four children named Morpheus (god of dreams), Phoebeter (god of nightmares), Phantasos (god of surreal dreams) and Ikelos (god of creating true dreams).
The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1729) Newton's Principles of Natural Philosophy, Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1968
Ball, Rouse. “Sir Isaac Newton.” A Short Account of the History of Mathematics. 4th ed. Print.
(14) W. James, Some Problems of Philosophy: A beginning of an Introduction to Philosophy (New York: Longmans, Green adn Co., 1924)
It is no mystery that without the Ancient Greeks, math as we know it today would not be the same. It is mind blowing to think that people who had no access to our current technology and resources are the ones who came up with the basic principles of the mathematics that we learn and use today without any preceding information on the topic. One of the best examples of such a person is Archimedes. Not only did he excel as a physicist, inventor, engineer, and astronomer, but he is still known today as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. His contributions to the field laid out many of the basics for what we learn today and his brilliance shocked many. Long after his time, mathematicians were still stumped as to how he reached the genius conclusions that he did. Nicknamed “The Wise One,” Archimedes is a person who can never be forgotten.
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm., and J. M. Child. The Early Mathematical Manuscripts of Leibniz. Mineola, NY: Dover Publ., 2005.
When she returned to her homeland, everyone wanted to be taught by her. She not only gave lectures on philosophy, but also tutored. Hypatia became good friends with Orestes, the Roman governor of Alexandria, and would later become one of his closest advisors. She also became pals with Synesius, who became bishop of Ptolmais thanks to Hypatia’s ingenuity. Much of what we know about Hypatia today is from the letters Synesius wrote to her. In one letter, Synesius wrote to his friend, "You always have power and long may you have it and make good use of that power.
Wigner, Eugene P. 1960. The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 13: 1-14.
Routledge, R. (1881). A popular history of science. (pp. 553-554).G. Routledge and Sons. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=VO1HAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Even though Aristotle’s contributions to mathematics are significantly important and lay a strong foundation in the study and view of the science, it is imperative to mention that Aristotle, in actuality, “never devoted a treatise to philosophy of mathematics” [5]. As aforementioned, even his books never truly leaned toward a specific philosophy on mathematics, but rather a form or manner in which to attempt to understand mathematics through certain truths.
During the 4th century in Alexandria, Egypt, there was a woman by the name of Hypatia of Alexandria. Hypatia taught the philosophy of Neoplatonism- which was the philosophy laid out by Plato in the 3ed century- mathematics, and astronomy, and was one of few women to be considered a true scholar. She taught students and political figures, and was rumored to have written the theory of the original geocentric model of the Earth, along with other commentaries that were lost. Due to Hypatia's scholarly status in the city of Alexandria, and because she would go out into the city and ...
Hypatia was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who is more remembered by her death then on how she lived her life with emphasis to intellectual freedom and scientific inquiries. She was believed to be born in 350 in Alexandria, Egypt. Her father, Theon was a mathematician and astronomer. Under his tutorship, Hypatia learned mathematics and astronomy. In those days, women were not considered having the same intellectual capabilities as man, based on Aristotle teachings and misogyny. Fortunately for Hypatia, she had an enlightened father that was able to educate her, and making her the most influential female in her time. She is also known as...
[4] Nolan, Deborah. Women in Mathematics: Scaling the Heights. The Mathematical Association of America, 1997
Burton, D. (2011). The History of Mathematics: An Introduction. (Seventh Ed.) New York, NY. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The history of math has become an important study, from ancient to modern times it has been fundamental to advances in science, engineering, and philosophy. Mathematics started with counting. In Babylonia mathematics developed from 2000B.C. A place value notation system had evolved over a lengthy time with a number base of 60. Number problems were studied from at least 1700B.C. Systems of linear equations were studied in the context of solving number problems.