Maize or corn (Zea mays L.) is a plant belonging to the family of grasses (Poaceae). It is one of three major cereal crops worldwide. It now used as diversified value added consumptions as specialty corn. Popcorn is one of them and popularized as high fibre, healthy and nutritious snack throughout the world. All the commercially grown varieties of popcorn in India are composite varieties viz., Amber popcorn, Jawahar popcorn and VL popcorn with low yield with less popping quality (1). Estimative from TPMGTA (The Popcorn Maize Growers’ and Traders’ Association) pointed out that around 25,000 tonnes of popcorn were imported in 2012-13 mostly from Argentina and the U.S. which is much less than the demand around 50,000 tonnes of popcorn per annum (Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Government of India, New Delhi). The present scenario of single cross hybrids in maize has increased the productivity of maize at 134 kg/ha/annum (Biology of Zea mays, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India). Looking to this, there is a need to improve popcorn populations and develop single cross hybrid for high grain yield with better quality.
Maize is a highly cross pollinated crop and the scope for the exploitation of hybrid vigour will depend on the magnitude and direction of heterosis and the gene action involved. Heterosis and combining ability are prerequisites for developing a good economically viable hybrid. In popcorn, enhance level of heterosis for grain yield (19) and popping expansion (13, 15) has been reported by previous researchers. Combining ability analysis is useful to assess the potential inbred lines and helps in identifying the nature of gene action and to understand the genetic architecture of various traits. The co...
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...eeding programmes, so as they have significant heterosis and SCA effects for most economic traits along with the biochemical traits. The cross combination, I-07-43-7-3 x I-07-35-7-3 possessed the highest heterosis and per se performance for grain yield and oil content in seed but very poor popping expansion. The higher popping expansion recorded for low or medium yielding hybrids. Based on the overall performance of the hybrids and parental lines, some of the lines could be utilized as inbred parents of popcorn hybrids with high quality and moderate yield potential. The breeding approaches like biparental mating followed by recurrent selection or diallel selective mating should be suggested for further improvement. Alternatively, conventional methods are suggested to isolate desirable transgressive segregants for further improvement of important economical traits.
#Avosecrets by Avocados From Mexico A good commercial relies on being able to entertain and pull a viewer in as much as possible in two minutes or less. Whether it is through tugging on the heartstrings or making the audience laugh. This is exactly what Avocados From Mexico does in their 2017 Super Bowl commercial “#Avosecrets.”
Figure 4 reflects a decreasing mean weight per plant as density of planted seeds increases-- from a high of 11.73 grams (2 seeds) decreasing gradually from between 3 to .
Currently, the United States is the largest producer of corn in the world. In 2010, it produced 32% of the world’s corn crop. Corn is grown on approximately 400,000 U.S. farms, showing the importance of corn in the United States’ diets. Twenty percent of the corn produced is exported and corn grown for grain accounts for almost one quarter of the harvested crop acres in this country (National Corn Grower's Associatio...
One of the most prominent crops in the GMO industry is Bt corn. The Bt pesticide stands for Bacillus Thuringiensis. Scientists transferred the Bt gene into the corn to create a crop that produces its own pesticides. As the corn matures, it grows stronger poi...
Justification of the Corn Laws The Corn Law was a potentially dangerous bill introduced in 1815 after three years of good harvests. It was instigated with the support of Lord Liverpool the current Prime Minister who saw the Corn Laws as a temporary measure to create stability in the agricultural sector in the immediate post-war years. The Corn Laws were potentially disastrous because they, along with the abolishment of Income tax and the creation of the Game laws, were seen as a return by the ultra -Tory's to a single-issue, single class government.
there would be no flow of water into or out of the cell so the cell
Selling corn in massive quantity can lead to a greater profit. An ear of corn may averages about eight-hundred kernels in sixteen rows and a pound of corn consists of approximately 1,300 kernels. One-hundred bushels of corn makes approximately 7,280,000 kernels. Every year, a single U.S. Farmer may provides food and fiber for 129 people in the U.S. and 32 overseas. In the U.S., corn production is 2 times that of any other crop. Over 55% of Iowa’s corn goes to foreign markets and the rest is used in other parts of the United States of America.
In order to figure out the genes responsible, there are several other factors that must be determined. These factors include the number of genes involved, if each gene is x-linked or autosomal, if the mutant or wild-type allele for each is dominant, and if genes are linked or on different chromosomes. Proposed crosses include reciprocal crosses between the pure-breeding mutants of strains A and B with the wild-type will help determine if the genes or sex-linked or autosomal, in addition to which alleles are dominant (8). Another proposed cross includes complementation crosses between pure-breading mutants from strains A and B to determine if one or two genes are involved (8). Furthermore, testcrosses between F1 progeny and pure-breeding recessive mutants from strains A and B, which will help determine if genes are linked on the chromosome or if they assort independently (8). These proposed crosses are shown in the attached
With plants of the genus Brassica importance in the form of vegetables and oilseeds (Wang and Freeling 2013), the results of this experiment offer a view into their inheritance patterns which can in the long term be replicated for different outcomes. Augustine et al. discuss the importance of these plants’ traits in terms of food production by stating that studying the mutations of Brassica may lead to improvement of crops by expressing mutations that are desirable phenotypic traits (2014). Brassica are an important part of the global food supply and if any plants can be genetically altered by selective fertilization then those steps should be taken to produce larger, more efficient, or shorter cycling plants. This experiment has supported the inheritance of traits according to Mendel by examining the inheritance of anthocyanin in B. rapa.
To begin with, this is how popcorn gets popped. In the Article, "The Science of popcorn," it states that popcorn gets popped by the heat that the microwave makes. "When the kernel gets hot (about 356 degrees Fahrenheit), the water molecules inside move faster. " As the heat rises, this starch goes from a chalk-like solid to a thick goo. There is barely any room for the water to expand because of the kernels hard outer armor. "What if I told you that it's all those little air pockets that makes popcorn so good at soaking up melted butter, now you're hungry aren't you.
Cultivation of Grapes The process involved in the cultivation, production and science of Grapes is called Viticulture. Grape cultivations one of the oldest cultivation in mankind after grains, that dates back to 7000 years during the Neolithic period. Viticulture originated from the Mediterranean region & spread across Middle East & Asia & gradually to the world. It’s in the records that the 1st grape harvest occurred 5400 B.C in region where present day Georgia & Armenia countries are called.
Throughout the history of the human race there have been a great number of crops that were discovered, planted, and over time domesticated. Wheat in the Middle East, rice in Asia, and rye in Eastern Europe are all some of today’s staple crops that feed millions every day. Crops like these make up over 50% of the world’s total food supply. However, the third most eaten crop in the world is maize, or corn, which provides 21% of human nutrition. Today maize feeds millions across the world, but its history is different from the others.
The sunflower, original only to the Americas, has become one of the most important plants throughout the world due to its adaptability, diversity, and sustainability. It is a key component in cooking, human health, soil detoxification, and has been use in medicine, art and poetry.
Lemaux, P.G. (2006). Introduction to genetic modification. Agricultural Biotechnology in California Series, 8178. Retrieved from http://ucanr.org/freepubs/docs/8178.pdf
Barley is a very important grain in the world today. It is very versatile in every way. It has been well adapted through its evolution. It has a very mysterious and much debated beginning. Now however, barely has become well known and so have its many uses. Barley, which is of the genus Hordeum, is a cereal that belongs to the grass family Poaceae. Barley has many different varieties. The most common is Hordeum vulgare, which is a six-rowed type of barley that has a spike notched on opposite sides with three spikelets on each notch. At each notch there is a flower or floret that later develops into a kernel. Hordeum distichum is a two-rowed type of barley that has central florets producing kernels and it has lateral florets that are sterile. Lastly there is Hordeum irregulare which has fertile central florets and different arrangements of sterile and fertile lateral florets. This is the least cultivated species of the three main forms (2).