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Sigmund freud humanist theory
Characteristics of humanistic psychology
Sigmund freud humanist theory
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Humanistic approach An explanation of the origins and history of the humanistic approach, the movement was developed firstly in America known as the third force. Maslow developed a theory of human motivation in 1943, followed by Carl Rodgers significant factors of person-centred therapy in 1946. It was also known as the third force, because it was aimed to replace two main forces. The first one is behaviourism which is the idea that behaviour can be explained in terms of conditioning and can be altered through positive and negative reinforcement. The second force that the humanistic approach over took was psychoanalysis which investigates the interaction of the conscious and unconscious mind. The humanistic approach is based of theories concerned …show more content…
Carl Rodgers was one of the pioneering founders of the humanistic approach, he shifted away from the stereo-typical and traditional psychoanalysis and developed client-centred psychotherapy. Rodgers believed that everyone has the self-understanding for altering self, concept, attitudes and directed behaviour. Maslow was the other leading psychologist to have an input on the humanistic approach from 1908-1970. He believed that we are all aspiring to become the best that we can possibly be emotionally, physically and intellectually, he branded this self-actualization. Maslow believed we have to pass through the five stages of the hierarchy of needs to reach our apparent desire to become our ideal self. He constructed this theory in which he explained every human being requires certain basic needs to be met before they pass to the next stage. The first stage is psychological, biological need such as food, breathing, water and sleep. Secondly, there is safety this includes, morality, health, property and employment. Thirdly is love and belonging which is friendship, family and sexual relations. Afterwards is esteem, confidence, achievement respect of and by others. Lastly is self-actualization, morality, creativity, spontaneity and lack
This approach would have a person take immediate responsibility for their feelings as actions in the present moment; focusing on and exploring feelings as they occur. The ideal humanistic solution is that a person’s problems will diminish as they get in touch with their feelings.
The humanistic theory had much influence after the time of World War II toward the late 1950’s (Hansell & Damour, 2008). According to Dombeck, (2006), the humanistic approach was defined to be consciously reflective, allowing one to have the ability to experience self-determination. The humanistic approach combines philosophy, existentialism, and the hierarchy of needs that motivates every individual person on a unique level of growth potential; it worked to find the importance of life’s true meaning’s in an individual’s life for human characteristic (Dombeck, 2006). For obsessional-compulsion disorder, the goal of humanistic therapy is to create a suitable environment for the patient that will allow him or her to develop, mature, and evolve
The humanistic theory ties into the humanistic perspective. This was first thought of my Abraham Maslow. Unlike the behaviorists, humanistic psychologists believe that humans are not solely the product of their environment. Rather humanistic psychologists study human meanings, understandings, and experiences involved in growing, teaching, and learning. They emphasize characteristics that are shared by all human beings such as love, grief, caring, and self-worth. Humanistic psychologists study how people are influenced by their self-perceptions and the personal meanings attached to their experiences. Humanistic psychologists are not primarily concerned with instinctual drives, responses to external stimuli, or past experiences. Rather, they consider conscious choices, responses to internal needs, and current circumstances to be important in shaping human
The humanistic perspective on personality deals exclusively with human behavior. Humanistic psychologists believe that human nature includes a natural drive towards personal growth, that humans have the freedom to choose what they do regardless of environmental factors, and humans are mostly conscious beings and are not controlled by unconscious needs and conflicts. They also believe that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality. Two of the humanistic theorists that have made an impact of humanism are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanistic psychology relies on client centred therapy and the idea that each individual has the potential to achieve a position in their psyche named self actualisation. Humanistic psychology differs from psychodynamic theory in that it is optimistic about the human psyche and does not view conflict as inevitable. Humanistic psychology assumes people attach meaning to their unique perspectives on the world and that behaviour is strongly influenced by this. Carl Rogers defined the healthy personality as being one that had congruence between the perceived self and the experienced self and that the individual in question experienced unconditional positive regard from their parent or guardian. He defined an unhealthy personality as being one which lacked these components. Abraham Maslow alternatively suggested a hierarchy for which a person’s healthy personality could be measured by stages of psychological and physical needs (see diagram 2). He suggested that, for a person to achieve self actualisation and become a fully functioning person, they must first satisfy all the needs of each level in the pyramid before moving onto the next
While there are other schools of thought this essay will specifically look at the psychoanalysis and humanistic theories, with the aim to describe the fundamental tenets of both approaches (that govern the treatment that psychologists practice within) and compare to contrast the ideas of their key figures. This essay also aims to discuss the theoretical explanations for human behavior, the key concepts and the methods of discovery used to explore behavior. The major causal factors responsible for human behavior emphasized in each perspective will also be outlined before the two perspectives are compared by evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. The psychoanalytic theory is basically grounded on unconscious forces determining behavior and
Describe and outline Humanistic approach to psychology The humanistic psychology is one of the approach which studies the whole person as a human being and the individuality of each person. This approach was first studied by an American psychologist Carl Rogers (1902 - 1987) in the late 50s. This was mainly founded due to the concerns from the therapists regarding the limitations of the psychoanalysis. Rogers thought that the psychoanalysis failed to fully account and deal with the nature of healthy growth in an individual.
Counseling and therapy The main focus of humanistic therapy is to assist the patient in development of a stronger and healthier sense of self or in other words help him in achieving highest level of self-actualization. EarlierApproaches Abraham Maslow’s Developmental Theory : highlights the importance of hierarchy of needs and motivations in development
Humanistic Theory studies a person’s strength and virtues and explored human behaviour at its best, not worst. It emphasizes human strengths and aspirations, conscious free will and the fulfilment of our potential. They present a flattering and optimistic image of human nature and describe people as active, creative beings concerned with growth and self-actualization (Schultz & Schultz, 2008). With these, it is said that humanistic psychologists try to see people’s lives in the way people would see them. They tend to have an optimistic perspective on man as they focus on man’s capability to think consciously and rationally.
There are many theories that attempt to describe how individuals learn. In 2015, Butts & Rich stated that the humanist learning theory (HLT) was paved by two American psychologists, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. HLT posits a natural desire for individuals to learn in attempt to understand how one gain knowledge, move to understanding meaning of knowledge, and acquire needed skills to demonstrate learning. The major conceptions of HLT focus on self-actualization of a specific goal and human motivation based on hierarchy of needs. Humanism has been described as a philosophy, which provides a foundation for its understanding.
These theories are more optimistic about human nature than Freud's theory. One of the humanistic theories is Maslow's theory. Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs that motivates human behavior. The highest need is self-actualization. Self actualizers accurately perceive reality and quickly spot dishonest, tend to be internally driven, autonomous, and independent, and frequently have peak experiences (experiences of deep meaning, insight, and harmony within themselves and with the universe). Another theory is the Rogers's theory. According to Rogers, our parents set up conditions of worth. These conditions force us to live according to someone else's values. Person-centered therapy enables people to live by their own values instead of the values of others. To achieve this, the therapist must give the client unconditional positive
Two proponents most noted for humanistic approaches to personality are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Both the Person-Centered Theory (Rogers) and the Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow) considered that humans ' true nature was good and that each has the potential for growth. A comparison of the two approaches demonstrates a compatibility between theory and practice. Furthermore, each approach focuses on individual choices and rejects the theory that biology will determine human potential.
In conclusion, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers came with their own theories which are Maslow’s theory of self-actualization and Person-centred theory respectively, of which they explained the humanistic perspective according to their own view. These theories describes the needs of which people should have and to also know their personality structures.
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
The third perspective is humanistic, which is primarily focused on making oneself and the world innately better. In a journal by E.M Robertis, says, “Humanism is being accused of having con- tributed to selfishness in American culture”. This statement I disagree with however. I think that could be a valid argument saying that the approach creates us to focus too much on ourselves causing us to be selfish. My argument to this would be that this approach is to, yes, help us become better, but to also help the world around us become better as well. The fact that we can help ourselves become better and help the world do the same makes this not become so internalized and selfish. I connect with this approach because of this. I always have strived