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Tourism effect on environment
Positive Economic Impacts of Tourism
Tourism effect on environment
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As tourism is one of the world’s largest lines of businesses, it seems immensely reasonable that it could have a huge impact on people and various places. This is certainly true for Thailand, and it can be viewed in both positive and negative ways. We might be able to divide the way we look at the benefits and problems of tourism into economic, social and environmental impacts.
Some of the positive economic impacts include, more jobs for Thai people, and more money for infrastructure, etc. I think the most important is, that the government is using the money that comes from tourism to improve Thailand’s infrastructure, because it is actually useful, and helps the civilians in different ways, such as cleaner water, less sewage problems, better roads, and many more. For example, the clean water can reduce the possibility of getting a disease from the viruses and dirt in the water, and therefore, reduce the amount of money spent in medication for citizens, and more money to build better buildings, or schools and hospitals. Also, by having fewer patients, it can create a new image of Thailand being a safe country to visit, and more and more tourists would be motivated to go to Thailand. Further more, if there is an increase in the number of airports, and a better, smoother roads, then this will help Thailand in having more tourists, and receive a higher amount of money.
However, if there are positive economic impacts, there must be some negative economic impacts, such as the workers receiving low wages, that they are fully dependant on the amount of tourists, and tourism ‘leakage’ in Thailand is happening, where about 70% of the overall money spent by the tourists are gone, to import food, drinks, and foreign hotels, airlines, et...
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...clude, I think tourism is a good thing for Thailand. This is basically because it brings in the money, to improve the overall infrastructure, and the help the lives of many Thai people, through the tourist industry. If Thailand did not have tourism, it might have been a poorer country, without enough food, or any other necessities. Although tourism brings Thailand negative problems, such as the environmental, social and economic effects, but then, thousands of homeless people would gather, and create a strike. In addition, it would eventually effect the wildlife, and the water too, by Thai people cutting down the trees (deforestation) to create wooden furniture’s as their jobs, or no money to filter and clean the water, and there would be no one encouraged to voluntary clean the tourist attractions, and stop the US culture taking over Thailand culture.
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
Thailand is a country located in Southeast Asia with a population of approximately 65 million. It was once a European colony, but later freed itself to later become the Kingdom of Thailand. Majority of its people are Thai, while the rest from other countries of Asia and the world. Having a long coastal strip and warm tropical climate, it has managed to be a good tourist destination for people around the world (Leppert, 2001). The Thai people are often productive and hardworking as they believe that a person is supposed to enjoy his or her life. They too possess a cultural heritage which they are proud of.
Nowadays, developing countries are stimulating to develop the tourism industry to increase the revenue and economic growth. Thailand is one of the counties that used tourism industry to develop for a long time. Tourism industry of Thailand is beneficial because it impacts the national development. The other benefits are the developed areas, medical development, and promoting Thai culture. In addition, Thailand is well-known as ‘the land of smile’ so many tourists are interested in the culture and destinations. Some tourists want to experience the culture heritage of each regions of Thailand. There are benefits that gain from tourism in Thailand.
The economy of Thailand solely dependence on the growths of SMEs that include manufacturing, retai, and tourism. In this present day and as well the effect of globalization had encouraged investors to flood the Thailand’s market, thus, causing intense competition among various producers, suppliers of goods and services (Srikanjanarak, Omar & Ramayah, 2007; Wongsuchat & Ngamyan, 2014). Evidence from the statistics given by Wongsuchat and Ngamyan (2014), Thailand is one of the world most leisure destination with consistency tourist arrival rate of 7.8% over the last five years. Similarly, a report by Fernquest (2016) argued that tourism in the country acclaimed for 10% of the country’s GDP.
UNEP, ‘Leakage’ 2013. Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism: Leakage. [online] Available at: http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/FactsandFiguresaboutTourism/ImpactsofTourism/EconomicImpactsofTourism/NegativeEconomicImpactsofTourism/tabid/78784/Default.aspx [Accessed: 10 Nov 2013].
Firstly, tourism has positive and negative impact on the economy of the local community. It can create jobs and mitigate the numbers of unemployment. For example: one
It is the economic effects of tourism which bring the most benefit to the host nation. Tourism is a low import user which means more of the money earned here stays here. The government is earning money through tourist taxes such as the airport tax, increased export earnings and income tax revenue from people employed by the industry. A balance must be struck between these benefits and associated negative impacts on the community and the environment.
According to the ‘World Tourism Organization’ (UNWTO), the tourism industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world, as it is estimated that by the year 2020, 7.8 billion people (roughly a quarter of the world’s population) will embark on a foreign trip (Bennett & Gebhardt 15). The Caribbean is said to be the most economically dependent on this industry, as the ‘Caribbean Tourism Organisation’ states that the industry forms the “economic backbone of most countries in the Region”(“Caribbean Tourism Industry” 1). The implications for tourism’s affect on the region have arisen and have prompted further research into this matter. Since the 1970’s, research regarding tourism in the Caribbean has attempted to determine the social, cultural, environmental, and economic impacts of tourism. Much of the research has found that there are in fact many negative adverse effects, and Jackson’s article asserts that, “Governments often commit money and other resources to support the growth and development of tourism and often turn a blind eye to its negative impacts” (574).
Industrialization and modernization are two necessary steps for a country to develop. While industry has grown up, the harmful effects of the industry on environment and society have also been increasing at the same time. Tourism in Vietnam is a typical example. According to Joan C. Henderson, Vietnam’s economy has improved after the reform of “Doi Moi” promulgated by the Communist Party at the Sixth Party Congress in 1986 (271). Since this event happened, Vietnam has encouraged the international tourists. The number of visitor arrivals in 1986 was 54,353 and rapidly increasing. In the early 1990s, foreign arrivals were raised by 40 - 50% on average per year (Nguyen and Le, 1997). Recently, on the first ten months of 2014, the total foreign arrivals reached 6,608,391 that rise eight percent higher than the same phase last year (“International”, 2014). However, the development of tourism in the beaches, especially in Vung Tau city, Vietnam causes water pollution, which affects the health of people who live near the beach.
Rivalry among competitors will be more intense depending on the outlook of the industry. Although, inbound tourism in Thailand has been growing steady since 1960 and the number of international tourists arrival in Thailand increased every year. Meanwhile, there is a huge number of inbound tour operator increasing every year (Department of Tourism, 2016). In addition, Thailand's tourism business operator, which account for more 70% is a SMEs entrepreneurs who must face the burden of the uphill competition that is circulating.
Half of century has gone since ‘tourism boom’ began in 1960s (Tirados, 2011). Nowadays, desire to be a tourist is virtually universe which has made tourism become a central element of globalization. The profit brought from tourism is something that we cannot deny however everything has its two sides which are good and bad, advantages and disadvantages or positive and negative. Thailand is a great example to find out the advantages and disadvantages of the development of tourism impact on the country.
The negative impacts that tourism creates can destroy the environment and all of its resources which it depends of for survival. Tourism has the prospective to create and bring useful effects on to the environment by donation the environmental protection conservation.
Tourism is the one of economic and social activities that increasingly vital. Number of travellers domestic and international is increasing. In fact, several countries in present world develop tourism sectors as primary sector which generate national income. According to Salah Wahab and Cooper (2003). Tourism is also sector which involves role that mutually link between government, private sector and also public.
In the more economically developed countries (MEDCs), synonymous mainly with the industrialised countries of the northern hemisphere there, has been an explosion in the growth of leisure and tourism industry, which is now believed to be the worlds second largest industry in terms of money generated. In order to differentiate between leisure and tourism it should be recognised that leisure often involves activities enjoyed during an individual’s free time, whereas tourism commonly refers to organised touring undertaken on a commercial basis. Development in the two areas could be attributed to changing patterns in working lives within the last four decades. Generally, people now have more disposable wealth, work shorter hours, receive longer, paid annual leave, retire earlier and have greater personal mobility. In addition, according to Marshall & Wood (1995), the growth of the tourist industry per se can be associated, in part, with the concentration of capital; the emergence of diversified leisure based companies, sometimes within wider corporate conglomerates and often associated with particular airlines. Furthermore, the development of tourism can generate employment both directly, in jobs created in the hotels, restaurants etc, and indirectly, through expenditure on goods and services in the local area. Nevertheless, although the tourist industry is competitive, which essentially keeps down the cost of foreign travel, the success of tourism in any one area can be ‘influenced by weather, changing consumer tastes, demographics, economic cycles, government policy, not to mention international terrorism and other forms of conflict.’(1) Although such factors may have a detrimental affect on the economy of a popular tourist destination (or even tourism in general, in light of September 11th 2001), the consequence of tourism in general is often three fold: environmental, social and cultural, which in turn has prompted a search for new ‘friendly’ approaches that are less destructive.
At the present time, one of the inseparable parts of the economic growth is considered as tourism industry. Commonly, tourism is the movement of people to other places for business or leisure purposes as well as covers their activities. Holloway and Humphreys defines that the places where tourists come and spend their money are called as “tourist destinations” in other words “receiving areas”. Many countries have been improving tourism to overcome economic difficulties since it is growing fast. The industry activities have been demonstrated a general positive trend in the economy and it has already become the inherent part of economic development. In host countries, tourism has led to such positive consequences as the improved infrastructure,