How Does Holden Criticize Capitalism

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In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger creates judgemental and superficial characters to critique capitalist ideologies. The biggest proponent of capitalism is the main character; Holden Caulfield. Socioeconomically, Holden is considered to be member of the upper-class because his family makes a large amount of money, and they are socially elite. Holden discriminates against those who posses less money than him, and even requires his roommates to have expensive luggage. Holden gives monetary value to many other objects including shoes, a baseball glove, and women. Holden’s discrimination of those in lower classes, and his belief in “sign exchange value” reveal his capitalist morals. Another novel that criticizes capitalism in a …show more content…

Tyson describes sign exchange value as the following, “An object becomes a commodity only when it has exchange value or sign-exchange value, and both forms of value are determined by the society in which the object is exchanged. For example, if I read a book for pleasure or for information, or even if I use it to prop up a table leg, the book has use value. If I sell that same book, it has exchange value. If I leave that book out on my coffee table to impress my date, it has sign-exchange value” (Tyson 62) An example of the use of sign exchange value is when Holden leaves out his luggage to impress guests. Holden’s roommate furthers the usage of sign exchange value by taking the luggage and putting it on the rack so others thought it belonged to him. An additional analysis from Dr. F. Pourgiv of Shiraz University states that Holden is unaware of his usage of sign exchange value. “The difference between exchange value and use value is called "surplus value"...The surplus value goes to the privileged upper classes and gives them the economic power to buy and consume more goods, while on the other side of the spectrum, the members of the exploited working class are not even able to buy the commodity they themselves are producing. Holden's confrontation with his society in The Catcher in the Rye. As Marxist and Neo-Marxist critics of the novel from the Ohman's onward have noted, Holden is aware of, and suffers from, the social differentiation and inequality around him.” Instead of blaming Holden for his insulting behavior, Dr. F. Pourgiv blames the capitalist system. Holden’s behavior reveals problems made evident by Marxism and critiques Capitalism

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