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Hodgkin Lymphoma Prognosis
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Lymphomas are a group of neoplastic diseases that come from the lymphoid and hematopoietic systems and are divided into Hodgkin disease and NHL. In Hodgkin disease the cancer starts in the lymphoid system and mostly involves the lymph nodes. It can spread to the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lung and the mediastinum. The outlook is excellent in children with localized disease. Overall survival rates for patients with Hodgkin disease is as high as 95%; however, the survival rate is dependent on histology and staging. The primary clinical symptom are painless enlargement of lymph nodes. Other signs and symptoms depend on the extent and location of involvement. Diagnostics consist of multiple tests to confirm the presence of Hodgkin's disease and to evaluate the extent of involvement for acute staging. The tests include CBC, uric acid levels, liver function test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, and urine analysis. Radiographic tests include CT scans of the neck, chest, abdomen and hip, pet scans, chest x-ray, and if indicated a bone scan to detect …show more content…
dissemination happens earlier, more often, and more quickly than Hodgkin lymphoma. Clinical signs depend on the location in the body and the extent of involvement. Visible signs seen in Hodgkin lymphoma may be present in NHL. Because most children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have this disease throughout a large amount of their body a diagnosis through staging is unnecessary. Bone marrow aspiration and CT scans of the lungs and GI organs are recommended. Current treatments include an aggressive approach using irradiation and chemotherapy. Almost the same as leukemic therapy. Nursing care is just like the care discussed with nursing care of a child cancer which is mostly directed toward managing the side effects of the chemotherapy
On Sunday, a nurse on a medical/surgical floor in a large private hospital is assigned as the primary nurse to a woman who was just admitted. The woman’s testing begins on Monday and the primary nurse does not have work for the next few days. The nurse returns on Saturday and goes over the woman’s charts. The nurse discovers that the woman has chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is being treated for the disease. After approaching the woman the nurse realizes that the woman is unaware of her diagnoses as she asks the nurse when she will be able to return to work. The nurse explains that she has not yet spoken with the physician and will get back to her once she has done so. On your way back to the nurses' station, one of the woman's two daughters approaches the nurse and urges the nurse to assure her mother that there is no reason for concern. The daughter explains that her mother has just been through a painful divorce and
Surgery is the most common treatment for all stages of colon cancer. Cancer cells may be removed by one of the below procedures:
Hodgkin lymphoma can be easily diagnosed. If B-cell and T-cell are identified under a microscope, then it is Non- Hodgkin lymphoma. If Reed Sternberg cell is present then it is Hodgkin lymphoma. There are different tools to diagnose these cancers and different options for treatments. One treatment that was approved by the FDA (food and drug administration) seems to have greater success in the fight against Non Hodgkin lymphoma.
In 1998, the most common cause of child and adolescents death claimed approximately 2500 young lives in the United States alone. The cause of this dreadful loss of life was due to childhood cancers. This paper explores the changes in the life of children dealing with cancer, families that have been affected by these diseases (also known as pediatric cancer) and a small part of the journey they experience. Cancer does not discriminate and affects all members of the family unit. This paper investigates the challenges that a family will experience from the first diagnoses through palliative care. It examines research and statistic about childhood cancer from organization as the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the National Cancer Institute's (NCI), Children’s Cancer Research Fund (CCRF), and other cancer research organization. Although there are 12 major types of cancers that affect children, the main focus in this paper will be acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). It will also include an interview, the personal experiences of a family, real life emotions, and the effect on the parents and sibling of the (Ashtyn) child presently facing acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Life is no longer what formerly was known as being normal. Life with cancer becomes a new journey, the new normal family life that, unfortunately is not normal, but a life that includes cancer.
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS) is the worlds largest non-profit organization which funds blood cancer research and providing patient services and education. The LLS mission is to cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloma and to improve quality of patients and there families. This is done by discovering new cures and making blood cancers a story of the past.The organizations national office is located in White Plains, NY. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society has local chapters through out the United States and Canada.
During the physical examination the doctor will be looking for any areas that are causing the patient pain and areas that might have some swelling. When pain or swelling is found there are other test that can be run, such as: X-rays, Magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI), Computed tomography scan (CAT scan), bone scan and a Positron emission tomography scan (PET scan). These scans are performed for the doctors to get a better look at the area in question and to determine the extent of the tumor. If the images from the scans suggest that there is a tumor and that it might be an Ewing tumor a biopsy of the tumor will be ordered. A biopsy of the tumor in question will help to determine if the tumor is either an Ewing’s tumor or some other cancer or that the tumor is a benign tumor which then would mean that the mass of cells is not cancerous. Most biopsies are taken by extracting a sample of the tumor (Scientific Research Publishing) and the later viewing the samples taken under a microscope. Sometimes if the tumor is in a good location and is small the surgeon can remove it completely and observe the entire tumor. Once a diagnosis has been made tests such as a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy test and blood test are done so that doctors can track the spread of the cancer to the bone marrow
“The word 'leukemia' is a very frightening word. In many instances, it's a killer and it's something that you have to deal with in a very serious and determined way if you're going to beat it” - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Many people, including tons of children, fight leukemia every day trying to beat this vicious cancer. Without knowing how leukemia is exactly caused, it puts a damper on how to avoid it.
Elphee, E. E. (2008). Understanding the Concept of Uncertainty in Patients With Indolent Lymphoma. Oncology Nursing Forum, 35(3), 449-454.
There are many different types of treatment but the main ones include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. However, sometimes children’s immunes systems rid themselves of neuroblastoma before anything needs to be done. Therefore, doctors prefer to give the tumor a little bit of time, depending on the seriousness, before taking unnecessary actions. Surgery is often done for many types of cancer and can be a very successful treatment. Despite this fact, “ . . . most neuroblastoma is not found until after the cancer has spread. In that situation, the doctor removes as much of the tumor as possible during surgery” ("Neuroblastoma - Childhood: Treatment Options"). If the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery, sometimes doctors will advise chemotherapy or radiation to eliminate the rest. Chemotherapy can also be effective but can have some unwanted side effects. “Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells, usually by stopping the cancer cells’ ability to grow and divide . . . The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the individual and the dose used, but they can include fatigue, risk of infection, nausea and vomiting, hair loss, loss of appetite, and diarrhea” ("Neuroblastoma - Childhood: Treatment Options"). The doctor and parents may believe that the potential side effects could be too dangerous for a young child to endure. Another treatment option includes the use of radioactive energy. It is explained, “Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells . . . radiation therapy can sometimes cause problems with the normal growth and development of a child’s brain and the ovaries (in girls) or testicles (in boys) . . .” ("Neuroblastoma - Childhood: Treatment Options"). Alike to chemotherapy, the side effects may be too severe for young children. The possibility of stunting a child’s brain growth can seem to harsh.
Age groups who can receive treatment from NPs are from neonate to elderly Adult. They can manage either acute or chronic illnesses. Additional job description of NP is their ability to provide comprehensive assessment, establish differential diagnosis, treat, order and interpret laboratories and diagnostic tests or even prescribed medication. They can also make referrals to other specialty areas (oncology, psychiatric etc.) if furthers assessment needs to be done regarding patient health status. An NP can be involved in health promotion and disease prevention by providing education to patients and their family about disease processes (Advance practice, “n.d.”). In contrast, CNS practice is more focus in education, consultation to other disciplines, research conduction, improving quality of care, and administrative role. CNS also provides direct patient role but NPs spend twice as much time providing direct care. CNS is more likely to teach, conduct support groups and provides psychotherapy in daily basis to health care staff (Lincoln,
Leukemia like any other cancer is devastating especially when it affects children and especially when they are too young to understand most of what is happening to their bodies. Facts like these are what should be used to motivate researchers and caregivers to help to make the process of treatment and care for patient dealing with disease one that is pleasant and supportive. The research should be taken seriously and it is hoped that in the future a cure can be found and the cause of the disease can be explained. It is also hoped that achievements like those can give families who are coping with disease or who have lost loved ones to the disease can find closure and solace in knowing that other may not have to go through what they have.
Lymphomas are regarded as cancers of lymphocytes. The process which lymphoma occurs consists of a series of events where normal lymphocyte cells cease to mature and develop in an orderly fashion. The genetic make-up of the lymphocyte is altered, resulting in the formation of altered lymph tissue (tumours) or altered lymphocyte secretions. Typically, patients present with a painless swelling of lymph node, with or without fever and night sweats and weight loss.
Working with children who have cancer is both one of the most challenging and humbling experiences of my professional and personal life. Some of my most remembered patients were the children and families that I cared for from their initial cancer diagnosis, through chemotherapy treatments, to remission or unfortunately occasionally death. This is an area that I am truly passionate about and it is essential that all nurses be an active part of the healthcare team in order to ensure safety and accuracy in the treatment of these patients and their families. Kovacs et al.
Viele, C.S. (2003). Diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of acute leukemia. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 19(2), 98-108. Retrieved , from http://www.nursingconsult.com/nursing/journals/0749-2081/full-text/PDF/s0749208103000068.pdf?issn=0749-2081&full_text=pdf&pdfName=s0749208103000068.pdf&spid=13652985&article_id=487088
Symptoms are varied among lymphoma type. On exam, the animals’ lymph nodes are felt in the submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal, and popliteal regions. Fine needle aspirates(FNAs) are generally taken on enlarged lymph nodes. The sample is then viewed under a microscope and examined for signs of cancer. In lymphoma, >50% total nucleates cell population is medium to large lymphocytes5,7. Lymphoglandular bodies are commonly found, which are small fragments of ruptured lymphocytes due to the cells being immature, fragile cells7. Radiography, ultrasound, complete blood counts, physical examination, FNAs, and animals’ history are used to diagnose