In this essay, I will be using the understanding of two psycho-social theories, the theory of planned behavior and the health belief model, and the professional ethics to explain how it can lead to the development of concordant medicines-taking behavior in Amira Masood. Concordant is which doctor, pharmacist and patient agree therapeutic decisions that including their respective opinions, to a deeper understanding which extends from prescribing communication to patient support in medicine taking. (1) I will be also discussing the issues of consent and confidentiality arising in the case.
The health belief model is comprising by four basic beliefs. It indicated that people will carry out a health-related action if they have the perception
…show more content…
For behavioral beliefs, in this case, Amira is considering whether taking the citalopram or not because she is thinking about the consequences and want to more about the medicine first i.e. some patients do not want to admit to being depressed (9). However, the pharmacist should remind Amira that by taking her medication she is reducing the symptoms of suffering from depression. Amira should also realize that her behavior is affecting many people as she is working as a Staff Nurse on a children’s ward.
For normative beliefs, it indicates that Amira will be able to make her decision easier if her husband and her mother-in-law want her to take the medicine (10). It is because his husband works as a doctor and he can give out professional advice. Also, family members can always help depression patient to build up the confident and
…show more content…
In Amira’s case, an issue of consent is arisen that her GP has not explained to her much about the conditions she is suffering and the medication that he prescribed. Amira was left a little confused because she did not has the chance to ask questions. For obtaining consent, it must be informed and capacity which means that Amira must be given all of the information of the treatment and they understand the information provided by the doctor and they can use it to make a decision (13). Obtaining consent will lead to enhancement of the efficiency to the treatment because Amira is happy and showing agreement to the
The Health Belief Model is a framework that is used for understanding service user’s health behaviours. The Health Belief Model is based on believing that a service user will seek health care related action if they believe that they are at risk of developing a certain condition and also if they believe that they can successfully and confidently take action to avoid getting the condition. A conceptual framework that describes a person's health behavior as an expression of health beliefs. The model was designed to predict a person's health behavior, including the use of health services, and to justify intervention to alter maladaptive health behavior. www.medical-dictionary.com (accessed 1/11/2016).
The Health Belief Model (HBM) comes from the psychological and behavioral theorists. The premise is that there are two parts involved in health related behavior. “People are more inclined to engage in a health behavior when they think doing so can reduce a threat that is likely and would have severe consequences if it occurred.” (Brewer & Rimer, 2008, p. 152). The patient believes that a specific health action will prevent or cure the illness. How the individual responds depends on the perceived benefits and barriers of that health behavior.
Informed consent is the basis for all legal and moral aspects of a patient’s autonomy. Implied consent is when you and your physician interact in which the consent is assumed, such as in a physical exam by your doctor. Written consent is a more extensive form in which it mostly applies when there is testing or experiments involved over a period of time. The long process is making sure the patient properly understands the risk and benefits that could possible happen during and after the treatment. As a physician, he must respect the patient’s autonomy. For a patient to be an autonomous agent, he must have legitimate moral values. The patient has all the rights to his medical health and conditions that arise. When considering informed consent, the patient must be aware and should be able to give a voluntary consent for the treatment and testing without being coerced, even if coercion is very little. Being coerced into giving consent is not voluntary because others people’s opinions account for part of his decision. Prisoners and the poor population are two areas where coercion is found the most when giving consent. Terminally ill patients also give consent in hope of recovering from their illness. Although the possibilities are slim of having a successful recovery, they proceed with the research with the expectation of having a positive outcome. As stated by Raab, “informed consent process flows naturally from the ‘partnership’ between physician and patient” (Raab). Despite the fact that informed consent is supposed to educate the patients, it is now more of an avoidance of liability for physicians (Raab). Although the physician provides adequate information to his patient, how can he ensure that his patient properly ...
The key concept of the health belief model includes threat perception (perceived threat), behavioral evaluation, self-efficacy and other variables. The threat perception has very great relevance in health-related behaviors. This perception are measured by perceived susceptibility (the beliefs about the likelihood of contacting a disease) and perceived severity (the feeling about the seriousness of contacting an illness and leaving it untreated). The behavioral evaluation is assessed by the levels of perceived benefits (the positive effects to be expected), perceived barriers (potential negative aspects of a health behavior), and cues to action (the strategies to activated one’s readiness). The self-efficacy key concept was not originally included in of the health belief model, and it was just added in 1998 to look at a person’s belief in his/her ability to take action in order to make a health related change. The other variables that are also the key concepts of the model include diverse demography, sociopsychology, education, and structure. These factors are variable from one to another and indirectly influence an individual’s health-related behavior because the factors influence the perception...
Autonomy is a concept found in moral, political, and bioethical reasoning. Inside these connections, it is the limit of a sound individual to make an educated, unpressured decision. Patient autonomy can conflict with clinician autonomy and, in such a clash of values, it is not obvious which should prevail. (Lantos, Matlock & Wendler, 2011). In order to gain informed consent, a patient
According to Medical Dictionary (2003) ‘consent’ is an ‘act of reason’, voluntary agreement to proposed treatment made by a mentally capable person upon receiving relevant information. Patients’ consent is closely associated with individuals’ liberty, person’s autonomy and the right to decide about themselves and their body with assumption of taking full responsibility for decision and its consequences (Frith and Draper, 2004).
Health Psychology Case Report: Grace Peters Engel’s biopsychosocial model attempts to explain illness through the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. Differing from the traditional biomedical model in that it focuses on patient-centred care rather than the biological condition, this model has improved the approach to preventative medicine. This paper will provide a biopsychosocial analysis of the case of Grace Peters, and discuss the relevant psychological issues with regards to the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the social cognitive theory (SCT), and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Conforming to the biomedical model, the traditional approach to disease in medicine was organ-oriented; a perspective that significantly
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is an interpersonal level theory developed by Albert Bandura that emphasizes the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behavior, and their environments. This interaction is demonstrated by the construct called Reciprocal Determinism. In psychology, the theory of planned behavior (abbreviated TPB) is a theory that links beliefs and behavior. The concept was proposed by Icek Ajzen to improve on the predictive power of the theory of reasoned action by including perceived behavioural control. I believe that the Health Belief Model is the most effective health model/theory.
The Health Belief Model according to Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, “The HBM addresses the individual’s perceptions of the threat posed by a health problem (susceptibility, severity), the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act (barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy)” (Rimer & Glanz, 2005, p. 12). The key concepts of the health belief model include Perceived susceptibility, Perceived severity, Perceived benefits, Perceived barriers, Self-efficacy and Cues to actions. For this assignment, I will design an interactive, theory-based health education program to affect a specific health behavior in a specific population. The population for which this program is intended for
The Health Belief Model originated in the 1950’s by social psychologist in the United States working for the public health services. They were trying to explain the widespread failure of people not wanting to participate in programs to prevent or detect disease (Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2008, pg. 46). Since the 1950’s, the model has been widely accepted to conceptualize frameworks in health behavior research in order to both explain change and maintenance in health related behaviors as well as a guide to incorporate health behavior interventions (Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2008, pg. 45). The Health Belief Model consist of several key constructs, which are perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self efficacy. According to Rosenstock, 1974, “these combined levels of susceptibility and severity provide the energy or force to act and the perception of benefits provide a preferred path to action (Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2008, pg. 49).” In other words, allowing an individual to come to terms with their own health risk and susceptibility may allow people to formulate a change based on their own belief system given the perceived risk or benefits.
• Believe taking action would reduce their susceptibility to the condition or its severity (perceived benefits)
There are two main ways to change people’s outlook on their lifestyle to make them healthier and acquire more knowledge, which are Health Belief Model and Trans-theoretical Model. They both have a number of similarities as well as differences in their structure. First of all, the HBM is a psychological model that attempt to explain and predict health behavior, it mainly concentrates on the attitude and changes of individuals’ behaviors. The modification bases on the perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. In order to achieve successful revolution, people need to overcome their obstacles and believe that they could pursue their goal. On the other hand, the TTM prepares for individuals to ready to change their health
Health psychology is a relatively new concept rapidly growing and could be defined as the biological and psychological influences affect ones behaviour also bringing in social influences of health and illness (MacDonald, 2013). Biological determinants consider genetic and biological factors of an illness whereas psychological determinants focus on the psychological factors such as why people behave the way they do when dealing with issues such as anxiety and stress. Models such as the Health Belief Model and Locus of Control were developed in attempt to try and explain psychological issues around a chronic illness such as breast cancer (Ogden, 2012). Sociological factors can cause an enormous amount of pressure for one to behave in a certain way for example gender roles in society and religious considerations when dealing with health beliefs. Health Beliefs can be defined as one’s own perception to their own personal health and illness and health behaviours (Ogden, 2012). There are also theories and models used to explain pain and coping with diagnosis such as Moos and Schaefer (1984) Crisis theory and Shontz (1975) cycle of grief people go through when being diagnosed with a serious illness.
... wants their patients to start eating healthier it could help give them ideas on how to change their patient’s intentions. The health care provider could help the patient realize that the important people in their life want them to eat healthy, and this could help change their behavior. They could educate them on the effects of eating healthier and ultimately change their attitude about eating healthy. For example, the patient does not have to cut junk food out completely; they just have to eat it in moderation. This is just one situation were the theories could help in the health care field. There are many other ways these theories are useful. It is important to understand these theories in order to understand that behavior is affected by someone’s intentions. This makes it easier to understand what affects a person’s intentions and how they can be changed.
Lifestyles and Health Behavior According to Psychologists Psychologists have created a number of theories to explain why it is that people continue to practice bad behaviours such as smoking, when they are aware of the dangers involved. The health belief model created by Becker and Rosenstock in 1984 describes that people will only practice good behaviours such as visiting the doctor when making assessments of: Ø Perceived seriousness of health problem Ø Perceived susceptibility Ø Perceived costs and benefits. For example the HBM predicts that an individual will only quit smoking if she believes that she is likely to get lung cancer, that lung cancer is a severe health threat, that the benefits of being a non-smoker are high, the benefits of being a smoker are low. The HBM also states that we need cues to action to act as a trigger, for example an individual may quit smoking when she reads or hears about a long-term smoker dying of lung cancer.