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Modern and traditional criticism on Hamlet
Themes in hamlet
Hamlet change throughout the tragedy of hamlet
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Moral corruption will result in the tragic downfall of the characters involved. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the moral corruption that occurs between the family members result in their ruin. Evidence of this is shown through the relationship between Hamlet and Claudius, Hamlet and Gertrude, and Ophelia and Polonius.
The relationship between Hamlet and Claudius is troubled. They both wish death upon the other. When Hamlet finds out about the murder through his father’s ghost, he vows to avenge his father’s and kill Claudius for his immoral act. “But know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father’s life Now wears his crown.” (1.5.38-40) In this quote, Hamlet is confronted by the ghost of his father stating that he was murdered by his
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When Claudius finds out that Hamlet knows about his shameful act, he demands Hamlet to be killed. Claudius knows that although Hamlet was crazy, he had a great influence on the people of Denmark, which may result in Hamlet exposing Claudius to the people of Denmark of his sinful acts to receive the crown. “As checking at his voyage, and that he means No more to undertake it, I will work him To an exploit, now ripe in my devise, Under the which he shall not choose but fall.” (4.7.60-63) Claudius supports Laertes and decides that Hamlet should be killed in a duel with Laertes. Prior to the duel, Claudius will have Laertes sword sharpened as well as a poisonous oil on the tip, killing anyone simply scratched by it. “The king shall drink to Hamlet’s better breath, And in the cup an union shall he throw Richer than that which four successive kings In Denmark’s crown have worn” (5.2.258-261) In this scene,
It is too late though, the poisonous sword had cut Hamlet. In anger, Hamlet steals the poisoned sword and runs it into Laertes. He then charges Claudius and runs into him. He also takes the wine and forces Claudius to drink from it. Both Claudius and Laertes died before Hamlet.
In the last scene of the play Claudius sends for Hamlet asking if he will duel with Laertes for a wager the king has made. Horatio, the prince’s closest and dearest companion , advises against the jester notifying the prince, “You will lose this wager, my lord”(5.2.196). Horatio is aware that the king is attempting to mischief Hamlet, but the prince rejects horatio's notion and attends the duel anyway. Little to prince Hamlet's knowledge, the sword Laertes uses in the fight along with a cup of wine that is poured for the prince has been poisoned. Hamlet’s swordsmanship dominates Laertes's and the Queen mistakenly drinks Hamlet’s tainted cup wine. In the midst of the battle, Hamlet and Laertes are both cut with the poisonous sword. The Queen dies from the poison wine then Laertes, realizing he to will die, confesses and blames Claudius for
...rpent that did sting [Hamlet’s] father’s life/Now wears his crown” (1.5.42-46). The reference of the serpent can compare to the serpent from the Fall of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. Also, he somehow seduced his brother’s wife to marry him, such as the serpent seduced Eve on taking the forbidden fruit. This helps mold the interpretation of the character, which makes Claudius as the original murderer (like Cain), and the original sin of this story (the serpent), which helps contribute to the interpretation of the play.
Claudius is the antagonist in this play, in easier words, the villain. He is the brother of the now dead King of Denmark, Hamlet. Claudius murders his brother and does it in a way that it seems as though death had claimed him in a natural way. He is then quick to marry Queen Gertrude, as a favor to the state of Denmark. Claudius throughout the play is calculating, and will do anything to stay in power: including murdering the son of his current wife, his nephew, Hamlet. During the play, Hamlet becomes a threat to the crown and power in his possession. To overcome this, Claudius confides in Laertes that Hamlet was the cause of Polonius’s death. In an act of revenge Laertes plans his act “I will do ‘t. And for that purpose I’ll anoint my sword. I bought an unction of a mounteback, so mortal that, but a dip a knife in it, where it draws blood no cataplasm so rare, collected from all simples that have virtue under the moon, can save the thing from death that is but scratched withal. I’ll touch my point with this contagion, that if I gall him slightly it may be death” (4.7.139-148). This works wonderfully in Claudius’s favor. With Laertes plotting to avenge his father, Claudius won’t have to get his hands dirty again, and...
Claudius quickly takes advantage of this by manipulating Laertes to duel Hamlet. Laertes, under the influence of Claudius takes his fury one step further and poisons his sword, a poison so lethal that one cut will end Hamlet. During their duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet then "In scuffing", they exchange swords. Hamlet wounds Laertes and they are both poisoned.
Throughout the play Hamlet is in constant conflict with himself. An appearance of a ghost claiming to be his father, “I am thy father’s spirit”(I.v.14) aggravates his grief, nearly causing him to commit suicide and leaving him deeply disgusted and angered. Upon speaking with his ghost-father, Hamlet learns that his uncle-stepfather killed Hamlet the King. “The serpent that did sting thy father’s life Now wears his crown”(I.v.45-46) Hamlet is beside himself and becomes obsessed with plotting and planning revenge for the death of his father.
Both of their fathers’ were killed unjustly, thus fueling their revengeful characteristics. Hamlet’s father was killed by Claudius, he took both the crown and his mother’s love. After learning about the foul play, Hamlet promises to take revenge on his uncle: “I’ll wipe away all trivial fond records… I have sworn’t” (1.5.104-117). In his father’s death record, it is stated that he died in his sleep outside in the garden when a snake bit him. However, Hamlet has sworn to remove this foolish statement.
“Corruption is the enemy of development, and of good governance. It must be gotten rid of.” (Patil), this quote was said by Pratibha Patil, the president of India from 2007-2012 and the only women that ever held the office. This quote of corruption impeding both development of a country and a strong government can be witnessed in William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet. In Hamlet many of the most powerful political figures allow their greed and personal agendas lead them to corruption; this started with Claudius’ hunger for power and lust and ended with the death of all primary characters except for the caring Horatio.
It’s proven during the play that Claudius has killed Hamlet’s father. According to Act 1 Scene 5 line 26 of the play states the ghost ( Hamlet's father ) says that “ revenge his foul and most
[4, 1, 40] These idiosyncrasies are observed in the play when Claudius becomes concerned he will lose power as King and the likelihood Hamlet will murder him to avenge his father’s death. This is apparent when Gertrude informs Claudius that Hamlet is, “Mad as the sea and wind, when both contend which is mightier”. [4,1,6] With these thoughts daunting Claudius, he approaches Laertes in a Machiavellian manner to convince him to murder Hamlet, for he knows Laertes is angry, deranged and “Vows to the blackest devil” [4,5,131] after the death of his father. In doing so, Claudius has the intent to use Machiavellian powers over Laertes who is currently mentally unstable, with the objective being that Laertes will murder Hamlet to avenge his own father’s (Polonius) death. Claudius is able to successfully persuade Laertes in a manipulative speech, especially with his snide comment, “Not that I think you did not love your father, but that I know love is begun by time, and that I see a passage of proof.” [4,7,96] Claudius’ malicious comment indicates he is using his power over Laertes, so that the burden and repercussions do not rest on him, so that he may retain his authority as King. By utilizing his power over Laertes, Claudius is successful, as Hamlet is slain, however, as reflected in Claudius’
Finally we arrive at the sword match between Hamlet and Laertes. Hamlet is unaware of Claudius’ poisoned goblet and the poisoned tip of Laertes’ sword. When Laertes cuts Hamlet, he makes the choice to stab Laertes, who would see him dead as well.
Every individual is born pure and innocent but without a doubt it is inevitable that they will become evil by being exposed to the real world. Most innocent characters in Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, die due to the corruption that King Claudius bestowed upon them. It all began when King Claudius took over the throne. His crimes lead to a chain of events that affected many people around him, which caused them to develop corrupt characteristics ultimately leading them to their death and the fall of the kingdom. For example, Claudius can be described as dishonest and manipulative.
Hamlet suffers from his own corruption yet all of his actions have a purpose and by delaying the killing of King Claudius, Hamlet is able to end corruption through death. In the end corruption seizes as a whole as Hamlet’s brilliant plans unfold and freeing Denmark from confines of
To tell him his commandment is fulfilled, That Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead. (Act 5, Scene 2, 370-371) After Hamlet’s return, Claudius sets up a duel between Laertes and Hamlet. The plan is a treacherous one, where they wish to poison Hamlet, either by sword or by cup. Claudius.
As a result, Claudius’ influences target Gertrude’s virtues, and make her oblivious of her sinful marriage with her brother-in-law. Gertrude’s selfish marriage corrupts her morality and seems to be unaware of how her actions negatively affect Hamlet. Corruption surrounds “both Claudius’ crime and guilt and Gertrude’s sin” (Muir 214). Greed becomes the inception of corruption, and creates the cascading effect of the plot in Hamlet. Blind loyalty and manipulation are the tools that are used to further corrupt one’s morality.