During the Second World War, Germany had expansion plans to take over Europe. Even though these plans were not completed and at the end ineffectual, Germany was able to invade some countries that belonged to the continent. Many of them resigned against this country, foreseeing bigger consequences if they did the contrary; some of them refused to surrender, choosing to fight. The confrontation made by these countries against Germany was called resistance. Some of the famous resistance movements were the Danish, French, Polish and Greek resistances. During the Second World War, the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini made an attempt to invade Greece. He sent an ultimatum to the country through Metaxas, which had tried to remain neutral during the war, and but when it was rejected the Italian soldiers therefore began invading through the mountains of Albania. However, Greeks refused to abandon their territory and fought back, taking a big risk considering the difference between the Greek and Italian army and the caliber the previous one had. Six weeks later, the outcome was extremely u...
whether ill or benign, on the military endeavors of the peoples in the age of the Ancient Greeks.
The battle of Marathon is one that nearly every historian can recall. Whether do to its Hellenistic nature or the infamous tale that dictates the name of a popular footrace we currently celebrate, the battle itself is of great strategic importance to historians of the militaristic department. The battle is one of the first well documented amphibious landings in written history. The case lends vital information as to the method and the purpose of not only amphibious landings but also the general theme of naval warfare. More specifically the case lends critical information about the strategic importance of foresight, boldness as well as the role that a significant beachhead play’s in amphibious operations. It’s clear to see that when an observer views the information laid out in the case made by Rodgers in his discussion of the battle of Marathon that the role of a beachhead and the lack of boldness on the side of the Persians were the deciding factors in their failure to take Athens and conquer the Greeks.
...o get the Spartans inside of Eira. The battle was a hard one. Messenians fought desperately women and men throwing tiles, and bricks at the soldiers as they were slaughtered. At the end the Spartans had them defeated. Aristomenes and some of his men managed to break the Spartan lines and he rounded up the women and children and took them to Arcadia. Aristomenes choose 300 Arcadians and 500 Messenians they decided to surprise attack Sparta since most of the Spartan army was away at war. They were ready to attack until they discovered that Aristocrates the king of Arcadia had sent a messenger to warn the Spartans. The King was killed by his own people who threw stones at his head and his corpse was thrown from the city of Arcadia The Messenians moved to Italy where they founded the new city of Messene. The ones who did not leave were known as Helots and the war ended.
Warfare was in a state of transition. Older commanders and generals in the French and British militaries were very cavalry and infantry focused. These commanders believed that cavalry, infantry, and artillery would assure victory in any circumstance, against any foe. They clung to the static tactics of the bygone World War I era. World War I had been fought primarily on French soil, and the military as well as the government never wanted that to happen again, therefore they wanted to reinforce their main border against any future German. Little did they know that only twenty two years later they would be bested by German forces in a way that would shock the world. This research will be analyzing many important assumptions, oversights,...
During a battle, Glaukos, a Trojan, and Diomedes, an Achaian, encounter one another in a space between the two armies. By chance Diomedes asks who his enemy is. The two men then realize that their fathers were friends. To keep the family friendship alive, the men share a handshake of peace. This embrace shows how the Greek warriors were de...
Beginning with Greek hoplite warfare, we will see how the Romans adopted Greek principles of warfare and evolved their strategy in order to confront new and emerging challenges. From improving their tactics, making advancements in weaponry, to creating a standing army staffed by professional soldiers, we will see how Rome’s military evolved in ways the Greeks could not compete with, and would eventually succumb to. We will see the rise of the most lethal institution of Roman society, the Roman Army.
Benito Mussolini wanted to try and delay a major war in Europe until at least 1942, but Germany invaded Poland in 1939. This means declarations of war by France and the UK and the start of WWII. Mussolini created the Fascist Party in Italy in 1919. He eventually made himself dictator after World War
Dating back to 449 B.C., Sparta and Athens always had an alliance, but as time grew that balance slowly began to fall as one felt threatened by another. Before any sight of unsteadiness the Spartans and Athenians had a bound partnership. Beginning after their domination of the Persian war, the two states slowly became aware of one another’s growing power. More time went by, and the Spartans began to grow conscious of the other states, feeling wary and paranoid around them (Fox, 170). No state was particularly to blame for the strain on their peace treaty, nor for the war, it came as the two states developed. Eventually the two states had clashed enough and declared war. Although the Spartans gave the Athenians a chance to back down and temporarily stall war, the two states would never be equal, their allies resented one another far too much. The growing urge for power was bound to take over sooner or later. Finally, after 7 years of uneasy tension, Sparta could wait no longer and declared war against Athens (Fox, 167). Although the Athenians and Spartans lived together in peace for so long, they existed in a fragile balance that was bound to eventually lead to war.
Thucydides multifaceted yet thorough account of the Athenian expedition to Sicily in 415 BC allows a modern strategist an opportune and relevant model for the application of the end-ways-means construct for analyzing Athenian strategy. Through insights gained reviewing this campaign’s planning and execution, I will illustrate and link justifications for the Athenian intended ends. I will similarly articulate their ways through their planning and methods, then their means through their resources and force composition and strength. Finally, an evaluation of risks ties these factors together and allows an assessment on overall failures.
Italy was the very one to give up as the Axis partner which made them had to surrender to the Allies in 1943, September 8th . Shortly after six weeks leaders of Italian Fascist Party took away the leader and the dictator.
Whenever someone says the word Phalanx what does it mean, a lot my not know but when someone mentions it by saying Greek Phalanx then some people may recognize that this was the famous Greek army formation that helps them conquer so much territory in the west and become the powerful empire that they were. They stood in a rectangle sort of speak and they would march to the other enemy without breaking formation. What the men of the army needed to do in order for such a formation to work was cover each other with their shields. The person to your side had to cover you and you had to cover the person next to you. Now this developed trust within the army because your life was in the hand of the person next to you which even sometimes could possibly be your relative.
We must first realize that resistance was in no way a survival strategy. Yet, even when it seemed obvious that death was near inevitable, why did they not put up a fight? This argument is still puzzling to many holocaust historians, yet the arguments of Raul Hilberg and Yehuda Bauer offer insight to possible reasons why they did not fight and that resistance was more widespread than most people think.
Rome was ambitious and expanded tremendously. Do you think this was ultimately beneficial or detrimental to the Roman Republic?
The allied powers promised Italy land in exchange for joining them against the central powers during WWI. But, Italy was mostly ignored during the Treaty of Versailles and received very little land. This can be seen as one of the reasons Mussolini aligned with the Axis powers in WWII. He knew that the allies did not treated Italy fairly so he went against them in the next war. He also began invading countries in Africa such as Ethiopia so that Italy could establish itself as the rightful leading power of the Mediterranean. While the invasion of other countries may seem bad, Mussolini did it to increase the power of his own country. He fought for Italy first, proving himself a true nationalist. Another example of this can be found when Hitler came to power and it became apparent to Mussolini that Austria was threatened. He wanted Italy to have influence in Austria, so he threatened to go to war with Germany in the event of an invasion of
On the 25th of March 1821, the Greeks’ fight for independence from the Turks began. After about 8 long years of numerous battles, Greece was able to gain their independence in 1829. Their independence would not have been achievable without the help of their allies, who were mainly the French, Russia, and Great Britain. The philhellenes, or Greece-loving people, in those countries would rally support for Greece, and their revolution was a success because of their support. Greece would not have been able to attain their independence if not for the help of the various influential philhellenes in Great Britain.