Glaciated Uplands and Glaciated Lowlands
Arran is an ideal place to look at when examining the validity of the
statement. During the Devensian Glacial, the ice sheet covering
Britain reached its furthest extent, totally covering Arran. This
helped to shape the landscape. In around 11,000BP the Loch Lomond
Readvance occurred. This time Arran was not covered by an ice sheet
but its valley glaciers grew. This formed many of the features still
clearly seen on the island today. They show fresh and visible signs of
the glacial erosion and deposition that once occurred.
Map of Arran
Glacial erosion is caused by ice movement combined with material
within it. One type of erosion is abrasion. This occurs when pieces of
rock held within the ice rub against
other pieces of rock wearing them down. Another type of erosion is
plucking. This occurs when ice freezes onto a piece of rock on the
valley side. When the glacier moves away it may then be broken off.
For these processes to occur it helps to have a steep gradient, as
this will lead to ice flow. A harsh climate is also needed, which is
cold, to encourage ice formation and accumulation. These conditions
are often found in upland areas.
Glacial deposition is caused by melting when material is dumped in
situ. It leads to unsorted material as when it melts everything is
just deposited in no particular order. The material is also
unstratified and unconsolidated. It is a mix of all sizes and shapes
of rocks. The a-axis of the rocks tends to be found parallel to the
direction of the ice flow. Glacial deposition tends to occur in higher
temperatures as this is when the ice will melt....
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...o long since the ice was found there. The Loch Lomond Readvance
didn't really affect the lowland areas and since that is the last time
glaciers were present in Arran the erosional features are bound to be
more prominent in upland areas. Also many of the depositional features
that formed in the upland areas have been more easily weathered as the
climate tends to be harsher at higher altitudes.
Although in many cases the statement is correct, there are many cases
where it is not. It contrasts upland and lowland areas and suggests
that erosional and depositional features can not occur in the same
location. In many ways it appears true as more erosional features are
probably found in upland areas and more depositional feature in upland
areas. The reasons behind there location though, is often more to do
with the climate.
1. 225 MY : Weathering and erosion of very old folded rocks on an area
The third alluvial deposition consists of sand, silt and minor inter-bedded gravel, and again indicates Brimbank Park’s changing geology over time. (Geological map of Victoria, 1973). These deposits, as well as a nearby fault suggest volcanic activity 5-1.6 million years ago, which explains the olivine basalt (fig. 2) deposits which date back to to the Silurian and Tertiary period.
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