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Campbell biology vol 1 giraffe
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The earliest ancestors of the giraffe were the Samotherium major. This animal was similar to a giraffe it just had shorter legs and a shorter neck. It looked more like a deer. It lived in the open woodlands of Eurasia. The trees in that are were getting taller so it was harder for them to eat. The food on the ground was also scarce so that made it even harder to get food. They kept reaching their necks higher and higher. The males could have had a genetic mutation that made their neck longer which made them stronger. Then the females wouldn’t be able too get their food as easily so they couldn’t survive. When they breed the males genetic pattern would get passed on to their offspring. Or instead of their necks growing it could have been their legs. Their legs grew which gave them more height to eat the leaves off of the other trees. Or it could have been a combonation of both their neck and their legs which made it even easier to reach the trees. Giraffes didn’t always look like girrafes. They’ve gone through many changes. There’s the okapi it was much smaller than the giraffe now. It had a way shorter neck and shorter legs. It is brown in color and it’s legs ressemble the pattern of a zebras. It looks sort of like a deer with a …show more content…
It lived in modernday Kenya. They did have antlers like a deer it’s body shape was like a deer also just a little taller. These animals grew to be four feet tall. This species lived fifteen million years ago in the in the miocene epoch. There was also the giraffa jumae which was most likely the direct ancestor to the modernday giraffe. They grew about one foot taller than giraffes today though. It lived thirteen million years ago. It looks almost exactly like a modernday giraffe. Except it’s spots were bigger and covered most of its hair. Its horns were also slanted back more and not sticking straight up like giraffes todays
Around 144 million years ago, began the emergence of the Ornithischian dinosaurs during the cretaceous period and diversified into North America and Asia.
The full scientific classification of the giraffe is Animalia Chordata Mammalia Artiodactyla Ruminantia Pecora Giraffidea Giraffa camelopardalis. There were at one time seven species in the genus Giraffa but today only one is still extant: camelopardalis, (Mitchell and Skinner, 2010). Because the modern giraffe does not have any other extant species within its genus, it is helpful to look the phylogenetic tree from a broader perspective. Going beyond the level of genus, the giraffe belong to the family Giraffidea. This family, though, is very small, as it only contains two different extant genera: Giraffa and Okapia, (Lerner and Lerner, 2008) Okapia, or the okapi, represents the closest living relative to the giraffe, and the two are very similar both morphologically and molecularly. The two animals can trace their ancestry back from the “gelocid ancestral assemblage” 20-25 million years to the family Palaeomeridae. From the palaeomerycids arose the Antilocaprinae from the subfamily Dromomerycinae, and two subfamilies of giraffids, the Climacoceratidae and Canthumerycidae. (...
C. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. “Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash Ethiopia,” Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Nature 412, 178-181 (12 July 2001) C. Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
...s much of the time that some people have been led to believe. This belief had begun when they had discovered a fossil that has since been given the title “Selam”. “Selam” is the skull of a three year old female Australopithecus Afarensis who is believed to have been alive about 3.3 million years ago, having been discovered in the year 2000 in Ethiopia, Dikika by a paleoanthropologist named Dr. Zeresenay Alemseged. With Selam they have found that with the skeleton of her, that it shares many similarities when compared to the bone structure of an ape, meaning that the A. Afarensis may have lived a somewhat arboreal lifestyle. They at first checked the shoulder blades of “Selam”, with both remaining in fully intact which is considered to be very rare due the fact that the shoulder blades had remained intact through 3.3 million years, as it would allow them to find out
With a 99.6% genetic similarity to Chimpanzees , the physical appearance of Bonobos is very similar to them. The length of the legs, in proportion to the arms, Bonobo’s dark faces, pink lips, and more slender stature are just some of the cosmetic differences between them and Chimpanzees. Bonobos are notorious for their bipedalism, walking upright. Granted Chimpanzees can preform bipedalism when needed, but do not match the ease and grace of the Bonobo. With their habitat staying more constant, sense the forma...
The species has been classified in the genus of homo and has been named naledi.Scientist suggest they could have lived in Africa up to 3 million years ago and are insinuating that the naledi is a bridge between more primitive bipedal primates and humans
The "White-Tailed Deer." Ccontario.org. Cornell University, 2001. http://www.cnu.edu/item/cnu Web. The Web.
Australopithecus afarensis existed between 3.9 and 3.0 million years ago. The distinctive characteristics of A. afarensis were: a low forehead, a bony ridge over the eyes, a flat nose, no chin, more humanlike teeth, pelvis and leg bones resembled those of modern man. Females were smaller than males. Their sexual dimorphism was males:females; 1.5. A. afarensis was not as sexually dimorphic as gorillas, but more sexually dimorphic than humans or chimpanzees. A lot of scientists think that Australopithecus afarensis was partially adapted to climbing the trees, because the fingers and toe bones of the species were curved and longer than the ones of the modern human.
Grass made up their environment around which they traveled mostly on all fours, on their feet and their knuckles. They stood erect on two feet to walk when using their hands to carry something. I wasn’t surprised to see that there was an enormous termite mound in the middle of their habitat because I had read about it in the anthropology textbook, and how chimps are adept tool users in that they not only construct them, but also use them strategically. With these tools, they reach into the termite hillock and seek out and ingest their newfound grub.
To my left is the African mammal exhibit. There are so many different creatures displayed, ranging from desert to rainforest. Some of the animals that are displayed are the Arabian Oryx, Savanna Elephant, Spotted Hyena, Hippopotamus and Okapi. When you browse these exhibits you are able to study and learn detailed information. I learned that due to human encroachment, many of these animals are extremely rare and their original environments no longer exist in the world....
The fossil record of horses extends back to an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae, a dog-like ancestor 55 to 42 million years ago in the genus Hyracotherium in North America. Hyracotherium had a primitively little face , four-toed forefeet, three-toed hind feet, an arched back, small brain, and higher hindquarters than forehand. Later genus has increased in body size, brain complexity, the size of cheek teeth, lengthening of the face, and reduction of toe number. However, even though horses got larger over time but these trends are not seen in all of the horse lines. Genus such as Hipparion existed from 23 to 2 million years ago, showed gains in size, But some later genus such as Archeohippus, and Calippus got smaller again (Boundless, 2016),(Encyclopedia of Life,2015), (equineworld.co.uk, 2014), (Molen, M.
These species have been named Australopithicus, robust australopithecines, Orrorin tugenensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, neanderthal, and Homo sapiens. These early hominids and modern humans really show how the features and behaviors have really changed over time. Austalopithicus, meaning “southern ape” was the first specimen to be found. The Austalopithicus was found in Africa and was known to have lived from 4.2 to around 1.0 million years ago (Standford 251). They had a small body like an ape that would weigh approximately 64 to around 100 pounds.
According to Britannica Encyclopædia, Australopithecus anamensis lived in Kenya between 4.2 million and 3.9 million years ago. A. afarensis lived in eastern Africa between 3 and 4 million years ago. This australopithecine had a brain size a little larger than chimpanzees. Some had canine teeth more sticking out than those of later hominines. No tools of any kind have been found with A. afarensis fossils.
1.9 million years ago, Homo Habilis of East Africa had evolved into an entirely new species known as Homo erectus. Homo erectus directly translates to "Upright man" and for good reason. One of largest anatomical advancements of Homo erectus was their arm and leg bones which were very similar in shape and proportions to that of modern day humans. "Their legs would have made Homo erectus efficient long distance runners like modern humans."(Dennis). Along with their longer more developed legs, Homo erectus's leg were also hairless which allowed them to evaporate sweat and thus be more efficient at not overheating. This advantage allowed Homo erectus to chase down four legged mammals to the point of heat exhaustion and thus drastically increase the efficiency their hunting tactics. Another change in the legs of Homo erectus was their slightly more narrow pelvises. This forced the size of a child’s head to be smaller at birth and undergo most of its development during childhood. (Dennis)