Geology - Earth Sciences
1. What is the commonly accepted age of Earth?
a) 4.6 Billion years
2. Which of the following was not a source of heat for the early Earth?
a) hydrothermal energy
3. What are small asteroids called?
a) meteoroids
4. What is the process by which a planet becomes internally zoned when heavy materials toward its center and lighter materials accumulate near its surface?
a) Diffentiation
5. Where is most of the North American Precambrian shield exposed at the surface?
a) Canada
6. What mineral can be used to radio metrically date Earth’s age?
a) zircon
7. Refer to Figure 22-6. What name is given to the core of the modern-day North American continent that formed in the Proterozoic?
a)Laurentia
8. What is the name of the first super continent which formed near the end of the Proterozoic?
a) Laurentia
9) What volcanic process most likely formed Earth’s atmosphere?
a) differentiation
10) Why is ozone a necessary component of Earth’s atmosphere?
a) It fillers out most of the sun’s UV radiation
11)Why is Earth’s atmosphere rich in nitrogen (N) and carbon dioxide (CO2) today?
a) because they can not escape Earth’s gravity
12) Rearrange the following phrases to create a cycle ...
A significant portion of New England was formed as a result of an accretionary orogen. Southeastern New England is marked by a series of terranes that accreted onto the Laurentian supercontinent during the Silurian and Devonian. The Terranes of Gander, Nashoba, Avalon, and Meguma are present from west to east in eastern Massachusetts and all of are Gondwanan provenance. Their modern-day juxtaposition suggests that the marginal Gondwanan micro-continents collided sequentially from west to east, expanding the Laurentian continent with each respective collision. As each subsequent plate collided, an intervening subduction zone died and a new subduction zone was created to the east. The oblique collision of the Avalon Terrane into Laurentia followed the accretions of the Gander and Nashoba Terranes and preceded the accretion of Meguma. The collision was marked by uplift, mylonitic metamorphism, and calc-alkaline Nashoba plutonism as the Iapetus Ocean subducted under the Nashoba and eventually the Avalon collided obliquely into the continental margin.
Americas by 14,000 ago” (O’Brien 12), after large portions of North America encountered the last ice age, which
...nder, C., Tsai, C., Wu, P., Speer, B. R., Rieboldt, S., & Smith, D. (1998/1999/2002). The permian period. Informally published manuscript, Biology 1B project for Section 115, University of California Museum of Paleontology, CA, Retrieved from http://www.ucmp.berkely.edu/permian/permian.php
Did Mars ever mirror Earth? I would like to start this discussion by defining the term “mirrored,” as being a like or characteristic of a mirror image. So for proposes of this discussion I will use this definition meaning it is in a resemblance and not a direct copy of one another. Now with all the formalities out of the way let’s move on. After spending a small portion of my life reading through papers about Mars Geology I have come to the conclusion that Mars does in fact have supporting evidence that it was once a mirrored planet of Earth. Or better said, Earth is a current mirror image of Mars in the past. In the paragraphs below I will support this claim with evidence from research findings, papers, and photographs. It will also be structured as so, interior, magnetic field, atmosphere, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and water.
Han, J., Zhang, Z. F., & Liu, J. N. (2008). A preliminary note on the dispersal of the Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas. Gondwana Research, (1), 269-276. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.09.001
Leibniz (1691) wrote that the Earth has cooled down from a liquid state. Dana (1843-1873) described oceanic subsidence and mountain-building as results of the thermal contraction of the Earth. Lyell suggested that, due to unequal cooling, parts of the Earth sink faster than the rest, so that continents of the past have become ocean floors today and vice versa. Suess (1885, Vol. 1, p. 778) said that “the collapse of the world is what we are witnessing”. This paper reviews the Contracting Earth Theory.
Inside Earth there is heat from pressure (push your hands together very hard). and feel the heat). There is heat from friction (rub your hands). together and feel the heat). There is also heat from radioactive decay.
The Burgess Shale is located in British Columbia’s Yoho National Park; Part of the ancient landmass called Laurentia (Scott, et al., 2000). Fossils found within the formation dating back 545-525 million years ago represent original species from the Cambrian explosion, a relativel...
The center of the Earth is composed of a solid metallic core surrounded by a molten layer of liquid metal. This paper will discuss the reasons to believe the theory that the Earth has a molten core, and the important discoveries that have led to this generally accepted theory. It is very reasonable to agree with this theory when paying credence to the logical evidence that answers questions about the Earth’s core. This evidence includes information about the elemental make up of the Earth, the reason for the Earth’s magnetic field, and some of the possibilities of the Earth’s formation.
Gondwana was the biggest continental crust unit on earth for more than two hundred million years. It took its shape at approximately 600 Ma during the Early Paleozoic, end of the Pan-African- Brasiliano orogeny and found to be in the southern hemisphere between at about the same time of formation (Trompette, 2000).
energy to enter the atmosphere but would have blocked the radiation of most surface heat
 Bartolini, Annachiara and Larson, Roger L; 2001 Pacific microplate and the Pangea supercontinent in the Early to Middle Jurassic; Geology, Aug2001, Vol. 29 Issue 8, p735-39
The geology of Northern Ireland is remarkably varied for its size. Its bedrock geology includes examples from almost every period of geological time during the last billion years of Earth history. Geology affects almost every aspect of life, from shape of the landscape to the wildlife. In this area, the biodiversity is very much underpinned by its geology.
The interior structure of the earth is made up of crust, the mantle and core (inner core and outer core). Earthquakes occur on the crust. Crust forms the external layer of the earth surface. On the crust, the plate tectonics forces are in charge of causing the abrupt earth movements. Due to the existence of an immense temperature and concurrent pressure difference in the outer layer and inner layer of the earth, convection currents occur at the mantle. This energy results from overwhelming decomposition of radioactive substances contained by the rocks found at the interior of the earth. The developed convection currents lead to movement of lava; cold lava finds its way to the interior of the earth crust, while the molten lava which is generally hot, leaves the interior of the earth to the outside of the earth crust. These kinds of circulations occur at different locations of the earth surface and consequently results in segmentation of the earth due to movement in different directions.