On August 26, 1918, Joshua and Joylette Coleman was blest with a little baby girl name Katherine. She joined her family of three siblings and lived in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Katherine enjoyed school very much and was a very bright child. Working with numbers was her forte. She was a gifted mathematician. Katherine finished her eighth grade by the time she was 10 years old.
Her parents were so proud of her but it was hard deciding where Katherine would go to school. Her town did not have a school for African Americans after the eighth grade. Her parents decided she would attend the high school on the campus of historically black West Virginia State College. This school was 120 miles from their home but the family packed
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"Early on, when they said they wanted the capsule to come down at a certain place, they were trying to compute when it should start. I said, 'Let me do it. You tell me when you want it and where you want it to land and I'll do it backwards and tell you when to take off.” (Jackson, 1958) As a result, Katherine was responsible for the task of maneuvering the path for Alan Shepard's 1961 journey to space, the first in American history, fell on her shoulders.
"Everything is physics and math." - Katharine G. Johnson
The following task was to guide a man in orbit around Earth. This involved far more problematic calculations, to account for the gravitational pulls of celestial bodies, and by then NASA had begun using electronic computers. Yet, the job wasn't considered complete until Johnson was summoned to check the work of the machines, providing the go-ahead to propel John Glenn into successful orbit in 1962.
Until 1986, Katherine Johnson continued to serve as a significant contributor for NASA, helping to develop its Space Shuttle program and Earth Resources Satellite. Katherine Johnson after a long and distinguished career retired in
When Langston was ready to start school in 1908, his mother was told that because her son was black, he could not attend a nearby, mostly white school in Topeka, Kansas. Carrie, his mother, fought with the school over their decision. She won her fight and Langston was finally admitted to the school. He dealed with his loneliness by writing poetry. After Langston’s grandmother died in 1915, he went to live with his mother, her second husband, Homer Clark, and Clark’s two-year-old son, Gwyn. They went from Lawrence, Kansas to Kansas City, Missouri to Lincoln, Illinois. They moved to Cleveland, Ohio in 1916. Clark moved to Chicago, Illinois. Langston’s mother followed him and Langston was left alone in Cleveland.
Bessie Elizabeth Coleman was born January 28,1892 in Atlanta, Texas. Her mother wanted to move back to Texas by that time Bessie was only 2 years old. Waxahachie, a town of fewer than 4,000 people. She was the tenth out of thirteen children in her household with her two parents Susan and George Coleman. Susan and George were married for 17 years with up’s and down. George was mixed with African American and part Cherokee.
Coretta, Edythe and Obie had to walk three miles to an all-black school in Heiberger. Coretta faced many challenges in school and when she would come back from school she would ask her mother why is this happening. Her mother encouraged her to do her best in school and not to worry about anything except education. Remembering what her mother told her, Coretta was able to focus on her education and graduate at the top of her class. When it was time for her to enter seventh grade, both Coretta and Edythe were arranged to go to another black school called the Lincoln School, which was ten miles away in Marion.
After his high school graduation he enrolled at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. There he "discovered his Blackness" and made a lifelong commitment to his people. He taught in rural Black schools in Tennessee during summer vacations, thus expanding his awareness of his Black culture.
...space, so he asked congress for 7 billion through 9 billion dollars over the next 5 years, for the space program. Within a year Gus Grissom and Alan Shepard became the first Americans in space. Although America wasn’t the first to space we had accomplished Kennedy’s goal.
1. The first goal of the Space Shuttle program was to provide NASA with an efficient, reusable method of
Katherine’s mother, Barbara, had an affair with Ken Knight, which made them have to move to Moree splitting up the family. Barbara’s ex-husband Jack kept two of their kids and the other two went to live with an aunt. On October 24, 1955, Katherine and her twin Joy were born. Ken was an alcoholic that threatened to rape Barbara at least 10 times a day and also used violence to do this. Barbara would talk to the twins about her intimate life and how she disliked men and sex. Katherine also stated along with other family members that she was sexually
Ella Josephine Baker was born in Virginia, and at the age of seven Ella Baker moved with her family to Littleton, South Carolina, where they settled on her grandparent's farmland her grandparents had worked as slaves. Ella Baker's early life was steeped in Southern black culture. Her most vivid childhood memories were of the strong traditions of self-help, mutual cooperation, and sharing of economic resources that encompassed her entire community. Because there was no local secondary school, in 1918, when Ella was fifteen years old, her parents sent her to Shaw boarding school in Raleigh, the high school academy of Shaw University. Ella excelled academically at Shaw, graduating as valedictorian of her college class from Shaw University in Raleigh in 1927.
Space exploration has changed and developed since the first man was sent into space. Advanced rockets, new computer technology, and remote controlled robots are only a few of the things that made space travel possible. Even though this technology was efficient, it was not cheap. When a rocket was sent into space, only the capsule holding the astronauts returned to space. This expensive way of space travel was forever changed with the creation of the space shuttle. The Columbia space shuttle was important to space exploration because it used new technology that changed space travel, completed missions that other spacecraft could not, and brought new people into space.
Child’s birth name was Julia Carolyn Williams on August 15, 1912 in Pasadena, California. She was the eldest of three children; Dorothy Dean and a brother John III. She attended three boarding schools growing up. Child enjoyed playing sports including tennis, basketball, and golf. She attended Smith College and graduated in 1934 with a major in English. Julia moved to New York and had several different jobs that included her major, which included working for an advertising company and also in publications.
He was born in Palestine, Texas to the parentage of Clyde Burette Woodard and Marye Regina (McClung) Woodard at 9:45 AM at the Palestine Sanatarium. His parents lived in Elkhart, Texas where his father was the owner and operator of Woodard Cleaners and his mother, Bubbie, as he called her, was the owner and operator of a beauty shop.
His master sent him to Neosho, Missouri for an early education and graduated from Minneapolis High School in Kansas. He eventually mailed an application to Highland University in Kansas and was not only accepted but also offered a scholarship. Happily, George traveled to the school to accept the scholarship but upon meeting George, the University president asked, "why didn't you tell me you were a Negro?
Alabama. She spent her next 4 years of college at the University of Alabama, one of
The modern day space environment is no longer a mystery to humans. Yuri Gagarin of Russia was the first person to experience space adventure in 1961. Since then, technological advances have enabled space exploration, with new discoveries being made from time to time. Scientists have significantly contributed to the development of space tourism. Noteworthy inventions by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have transformed human life through increasing accessibility to space. The agency has made it possible for astronauts to go to the moon and also to walk around planet Mars with robotic automobiles. The invention of the tri-axis control design has had a significant influence on modern space explorations, helping astronauts to effectively focus their satellites on the target. This has been important in increasing efficiency and precision in astronomical discoveries (Birchard, 2003).