Introduction
Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.] is one of the oldest cultivated crop in the world (Chang 1968). China has been identified as the center of origin of this special crop (Vavilov 1926), where foxtail millet was domesticated and selected as grain food as early as 8700 years ago (Lu et al.2009). The geographical origin of foxtail millet based on cytological studies indicated that wild ancestor of foxtail millet is S. viridis (Li et al. 1945). It was the most important food crop of the Neolithic culture in China. It belongs to family Poaceae and subfamily Panicoideae and supposed to be originated in Eastern Asia probably China. It is a diploid (2n=2x=18), self-pollinating, C4 panicoid crop with a small genome (490 Mb) size (Andrew et al., 2009). About 90% of global millet production is utilized in the developing countries (FAO, 1990) and 38.6% of total world millet is produced by India alone (FAO, 1995). Core collection of 155 and 152 accessions in foxtail millet have been reported by Upadhyaya et al. (2008, 2011) and Lata et al. (2011a, b) respectively. Lata et al., 2011a have also developed a core collection of 107 accessions of foxtail millet , which is being used for determining population structure and allele mining of important agronomic and abiotic stress related traits. Nirmalakumari and Vetriventhan (2010) evaluated 741 germplasm accessions of foxtail millet and established that better yield potential could be attained by exploiting germplasm with more productive tillers, intermediate panicle length and medium flowering time. Core of 220 accessions was selected from 1482 world collection of foxtail millet by using power core (http://genebank.rda.go.kr/powercore) Jayarama Gowda et al.,2012, which i...
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...leaf blade width(FLFLW), basal tiller number(BASTIL), and plant height(PLTHT) were recorded by averaging five plant for each accession.
ANOVAs were calculated using the IASRI website portal (online analysis of data; http://iasri.res.in/analysis/online_analysis.htm) for all the quantitative and qualitative traits. Among the quantitative trait test weight, days to 50% flowering, flag leaf length, panicle exertion, plant height and yield per plant were showing highly significant variation (Table 1). Among the qualitative traits apical sterility and inflorescence lobe, inflorescence compactness, inflorescence shape, lobe compactness, leaf senescence, degree of lodging at maturity and sheath pubescence (Table 2) was highly significant variation, this is showing that core comprising accessions were highly diverse and truly representing the variation of whole collection.
Many variations and species of plants can be found all around the world and in different habitats. These variations and characteristics are due to their adaptations to the natural habitat surrounding them. In three of many climatic zones, the arid, tropical and temperate zone, plants that vary greatly from each other are found in these locations. In this experiment, we’ll be observing the connection between the adaptations of the plants to their environment at the Fullerton Arboretum. The arboretum is a space containing numerous plants from different environments. The plants are carefully looked after and organized into their specific habitat. Therefore, we’ll be able to take a look at the plants within multiple
O'Neil, Dennis. "Patterns of Subsistence: Horticulture." Patterns of Subsistence: Horticulture. N.p., 04 Apr. 2009. Web. 06 Apr. 2014. .
These results gave us a chi-square statistic of .06787 and with a degree of freedom of 1, this .06787 is below the critical value of .05 so therefore the results do follow typical patterns of inheritance. This means that our hypothesis for the monohybrid cross was correct, the F2 generation follows Mendelian inheritance patterns. In the dihybrid cross, the observed results were 487 or 55.7 % of the plants had anthocyanin dark green leaves, 166 or 19% of the plants had anthocyanin yellowish green leaves, 136 or 15.6% of the plants had no anthocyanin dark green leaves, and 85 or 9.7% of the plants had no anthocyanin yellowish green leaves. These results gave us a chi-square statistic of 21.703 and with the degrees of freedom at 3 this is still well below the critical value of .05 and therefore the dihybrid cross does not follow typical patterns of inheritance. This means that our hypothesis for the dihybrid cross was rejected, the F2 generation of Brassica rapa did not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns. The results show that the monohybrid cross did follow Mendelian inheritance patterns, while the dihybrid
Sheshadri, T. (2001, December 26). Student recognized for agricultural acumen. The San Diego Union Tribune, N1-4. Retrieved on March 20, 2002 from Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (Newspapers) on the World Wide Web: http://www.lexisnexis.com/universe.htm.
Corn, or maize, plays a vital role in many areas of the world today, and each location views and handles corn in a different way. How they manage corn can show small details about the area and culture as a whole. Not only is corn a staple today, it also had a huge presence in the ancient Native American’s lives; corn is sometimes revered as a deity and other times as a gift to the people from the Creator or a hero of the culture.
Seedfolks is a book about family. One day, a little Vietnamese girl named Kim plants some lima beans in a vacant lot in Cleveland to honor her father who was a farmer. A neighbor notices and decides to plant her own plants. Soon, more neighbors notice and do the same. Soon, the vacant lot turns into a community garden. The people of Cleveland have to avoid their differences and come together as a family to make it successful. The book Seedfolks implies that family is the true source of love because almost everybody in the book does something to express their love through the garden. The garden becomes somewhat like a family, and brings the community together.
Lauffer, H. B., Williams, P., & Lauffer, D. (2012). Wisconsin Fast Plants® Program. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from http://www.fastplants.org
After distributing the seeds, place two or three fertilizer pellets into each quadrant, followed by another layer of dirt. Finish by watering quadrants. After 2-3 weeks, count the parent generation number of trichomes and record. Then, choose 25% of the hairiest plants out of the P1 population and replant their seeds following the same directions earlier on. When plants are grown, follow the same steps and count trichomes and record. Compare both sets of P1 data to F1 data to determine if evolution took
Red Wine as A Unifying Force In Zhang Yimou’s film, Red Sorghum, special wine and the fields of red sorghum in which it is produced, play a major part in the story. At the start of the film, a group of workers carry one of the main characters, Jiu’er, through a massive field of red sorghum. The group ends up deciding to stay at their destination and produce wine from the fields around them. The red wine may seem like just another plot point, but if you look deeper than that, the wine is also an influential unifying force. Throughout the film, the red wine helps bring together the main characters in several different ways.
Lafourie, J. (2012). Agricultores muy asustados por TLC con Estados Unidos. Dinero.com. Retrieved from http://www.dinero.com/negocios/articulo/agricultores-muy-asustados-tlc-estados-unidos/151296
Abdalla (2006) showed that spacing 30 cm gave a significant increase in yield per plant, early yield and total yield comparing with plant spacing 60 cm.
University of Minnesota. Discover Horticulture at the University of Minnesota. 2 Jan. 2014. Online. 29 Jan. 2014. .
Koul, Opender, et. al. 1990. Properties and uses of neem Azadirachta indica. Canadian Journal of Botany. v68. National Research Council of Canada.
Although the origin of the cotton plant Gossypium is unknown, the primary centers of diversity of 18 species cotton plant are west-central and southern Mexico. North-east Africa and Arabia are the origin places for 14 species of cotton plant while 17species came from Australia. The Gossypium genus consist about 45 diploid species with 26 chromosomes and 5 allotetraploid species (tetraploids derived following hybridisation of two diploids) with 52 chromosomes. Gossypium species can be grouped into eight diploid genomic groups, which are named as A to G and K, and one tetraploid genomic group, according to their chromosomal similarities. Each genome represents a group of morphologically similar species that can only rarely form hybrids with species from other genomic groups(Edwards & Mirza 1979). Cotton plant grows in warm climates. Most of the world’s cotton is grown in the U.S., Uzbekistan, China and India. Brazil,Pakistan and Turkey are also cotton-growing countries besides the mentioned above. The yield of cotton in the U.S. is about twice as much as in 1950. This is because better lands are used for plantation, improved plant varieties are used, mechanization, fertilization and irrigation. A much better control of disease, weeds and ins...
The knowledge of physical properties of pearl millet is important in determining its suitability in food product development as well as designing equipment in handling of the millet. Bran rich fraction, a byproduct of pearl millet milling, was characterized by high WHC and OHC indicating its suitability as a bulking agent in functional food formulations. Germination of pearl millet resulted in lighter and finer flours with high bulk density, desirable attributes in infant/health food formulations (Florence et al 2014c)