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How has religion affected literature
The impact of religion on American literature
How has religion affected literature
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1. - Introduction.
The biographic features of a writer usually have an influence on the development of his or her literary creation. The biographic influence is especially strong on the literary work of Flannery O'Connor. Her life and experiences are reflected through her work in themes, characters, descriptions and style. There are two important features of her life, which had marked the short stories and novels of Flannery O'Connor: The South of the United States and her religion, Catholicism. These two aspects are reflected in her vision of life, society and above all in the vision of the human race.
"Question: To whom or to what do you attribute your view of human being?
Flannery O'Connor: Probably to being a Catholic and a southerner - and a writer." 1 [Flannery O'Connor from Magee, R. M., Conversation with Flannery O'Connor, 1987: 58]
2. - Flannery O'Connor's biography.
Flannery O'Connor was born in Savannah (Georgia) in 1925. Her family was deeply Catholic. The Catholicism in the South of the United States, a minority religion, is called "Old Catholic." She spent her childhood in this important city of Georgia. But in 1938 the Flannery's family had to move to a town called Milledgeville because of the illness of the father, lupus. He died some years later.
O'Connor was the only child of the family, and also she was very shy and introverted. She always had a great difficulty in order to mix with people. When she finished her degree course of Social Science, Flannery O'Connor started her independent life. Firstly, in 1947 O'Connor joined the camp of Spencer Trask for writers in New York. Finally she moved to Connecticut with Sally and Robert Fitzgerald. But in 1951 Flannery was diagnosed as having lupus, t...
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...y and mind. The name is opposite to her real name Joy, with Catholic features. Hulga is the character who rejects society, Catholic religion and any human contact. But Joy is the personality inside Hulga who wants to mix with people. When she is with Manley in the hayloft and he has her wooden leg, Joy-Hulga dreams about the possibility of staying with him the rest of her life: " "Put it back on," she said. She was thinking that she would run away with him and every night he would take her leg off and every morning put it back on again."
6 [O'Connor, Flannery: A Good Man Is Hard to Find- "Good Country Peole", 1980: 193.].
The most part of the main themes of Flannery O'Connor are shown in "Good Country People": The reflection of Flannery O'Connor's Southern society, the Catholic vision of human being and her tendency to the grotesque and violent situations.
Asals, Frederick. Flannery O'Connor : The Imagination of Extremity. University of Georgia Press; Reissue edition. Athens, Georgia, 2007.
Hopewell and Joy-Hulga, but also contains a humorous, yet judgmental tone in the story that defines the characters, mostly in Hulga. Hulga is considered the most ironic character in the story because of the little understanding she has of herself regardless of how well educated she is. She may consider herself the smartest woman in the story and may have pride in herself but what she doesn’t know is that Manley, a man who ironically sells Bibles and yet, is not a Christian, proves Hulga wrong in the end and makes her the one with stupidity. Using third person limited allows the reader to gather a deeper understanding of characters by using other characters that know them better than themselves. Overall, it is highly important to dig deeper into the story regarding narration by asking, who is narrating and why is his/her perception important and how does tone and irony contribute to the characters. In this case, the tone and irony gives the reader a better understanding of each individual character, both antagonist and
At the age of twenty one, Joy moved out of the house, went to college, and legally changed her name to Hulga. Hulga most likely changes her name to spite her mother, because Joy is such a beautiful name and Hulga is such an ugly one. ? She [Hulga] had arrived at it first purely on the basis of its ugly sound and then the full genius of its fitness had struck her... She saw it as the name of her highest creative act.?
Mary Flannery O'Connor was born on March 25, 1925, in Savannah, Georgia. Raised in her mother's family home in Milledgeville, Georgia, she was the only child of Regina Cline and Edward Francis O'Connor, Jr. Although little is known about Mrs. O'Connor's early childhood, in Melissa Simpson's biography on O'Connor, Simpson states that O'Connor attended St. Vincent's Grammar School in Savannah where she would rarely play with the other children and spent most her time reading by herself. After fifth, grade, O'Connor transferred; to Sacred Heart Grammar School for Girls; some say the reason for the transfer was that it was a more prestigious school than the former. She later enrolled in Peabody High School in 1938, entered an accelerated program at Georgia State Collge for Women in the summer of 1942, and in 1946 she was accepted into the Iowa Writer's Workshop at the University of Iowa (4 Simpson). According to American Decades, O'Connor earned her masters degree from the University of Iowa with six short-stories that were published in the periodical Accent (n pg Baughman).
Rubin, Louis D., Jr. "Flannery O'Connor and the Bible Belt." The Added Dimension: The Art and Mind of Flannery O'Connor. Ed. Melvin J. Friedman and Lewis A. Lawson. New York: Fordham UP, 1966. 49-71.
Flannery shows the readers this when she has Jillian and his mother argue about their own faith. The reason O’Connor incorporates religion into her short stories is because religion is “the ground note of her fiction” (Shinn, Thelma J. 375). Jillian gets fed up with his mother for going on and on about how others should “know themselves” and be gracious. Jillian exclaims, “They don’t give a damn for your graciousness...knowing who you are is good for one generation only...you have the foggiest idea where you stand now or who you are” (O’Connor 2).The mother has to take a second and process what Jillian had just said to her. Finally, she gets the words to flow out. His mom says, “I most certainly do know who I am...and if you don’t know who you are, I am ashamed of you” (O’Connor 2) The readers see here how strongly Jillian’s mother feels about her faith and how little Jillian does. This quote shows O’Connor’s incorporation with religious beliefs. Flannery was very religious, therefore the mother is a representation of her. Throughout O’Connor’s life, many people told her that she could not be an artist because she was Catholic. The reason she incorporates religious incidents throughout her short stories is to live on her Catholic beliefs and to prove to those that religion was such a huge part of her life. Flannery O’Connor stands behind her religion in such a way that the readers
Joy/Hulga, as the story?s main character, is the singly most significant character to the themes of this story. She is characterized as brilliant and academically sophisticated, yet naïve to the feelings and motivations of others. Ironically, Hulga has a Ph.D. in philosophy, yet she has a very narrow view of her world and no insight into other people?s true character. This contrast in Hulga?s character is the topic of one of the story?s themes: academic knowledge is not to be confused with common sense.
Nadal, Marita. "Temporality And Narrative Structure In Flannery O'connor's Tales." Atlantis (0210-6124) 31.1 (2009): 23-39. Fuente Académica. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.
...another. As mother, she cares for her daughter but struggles to relate with her. She could see Hulga as a professor and Hopewell knows that she wanted to leave home. To compensate for their relationship and Hulga’s condition, Mrs. Hopewell treats her like a child. Hulga is an educated woman but continues to act like a child when it comes to her mother. Not only does she dress like a child, she stomps around the house to ensure that Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman hear her. Hulga does not actually want her mother to understand her because she lashes out at her mother. If she truly wanted her mother to realize her philosophical thought she would have attempted to explain it and not shout at Hopewell. Each woman has her own faults.
Hulga had a lot of attitude towards everyone but it was pushed away because she only had one leg. When she was confronted on page two paragraph two about her ill-mannered behavior she would say, “If you want me, here I am – LIKE I AM.” And it would be brushed aside since no one wanted to argue. She also did not like people, she just tolerated them. Hulga did not like to take walks with her mother so she would tolerate talking to Mrs. Freeman just to get out of walking.
She has a doctoral degree in philosophy. Her condition after the accident keeps haunting and forces her to live on a rural small farm surrounded by low educated people. She lost her leg while she was only ten years old. Hulga feels that she is crippled both physically and emotionally. Hulga’s decision to become an intellectual being was meant to compensate for her grief. She believes that the formal education she has acquired makes her more superior than the “unintelligent, inferiors” surrounding her. Hulga does not want to identify with the people in the neighborhood; she believes that they have nothing in common. Manley, the Bible salesman, tries to challenge Hulga’s view so as to change her perception, but Hulga thinks that Manly is not different from the “good country people.” She believes that Manley is too inferior to deceive her. Manley tells Hugla that an individuals’ education, social or economic class does not determine their ability to make way in the world. Hulga wants to become as unpleasant as possible as she seems rude to everyone. She resents Mrs. Hopewell, her mother because she does not accept her new identity. Unlike her mother, Hulga does not “hope well” as she claims that her accident took away her hope and faith by taking her leg. Flannery O’Connor also uses Hulga’s background to show how social class divisions in
A view into Joy-Hulga's past reveals why she has so much internal conflict and needs to empower herself through the constant judgment of others. What most strongly sets her apart from others is her prosthetic leg, which she has been wearing since her real leg was shot off at ten years of age in a hunting accident. Enduring teasing and other social hardships caused by her disability has led...
From the 19th centuries until now, American society is no longer fully committed to Christian beliefs, and many other new ideals have become adopted and more popular. People are so confused with many different beliefs mixing together in the new world, where the good and evil is just separated by a thin line of justice. People are unable to clearly see the truth anymore, but instead they try their best to see through the deceptive web of hypocrite and make assumptions using their limited knowledge and experiences. Flannery O’ Connor was born in 1925 and grew up seeing the challenge and difficulty American people face on the way to seek real goodness. Even at a very young age, O’ Connor had a very correct and wise point of view about her society
At first, Joy-Hulga wants nothing to do with Manly Pointer because she is an atheist and he is a Christian. They eventually form a connection because they both share the same condition, and Manly Pointer tends to say all the right things to bring her in. Hulga soon realizes that she is not who she thought she was when she is face to face with evil. Manly Pointer is an evil young man and a direct reflection of who Hulga wanted to be. Mrs. Hopewell took pride in her daughter, Joy.
Whitt, Margaret. Understanding Flannery O’Connor. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995. 47-48, 78. Print.