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Brief introduction of academic stress
Effects of stress on an individual
Effects of stress on an individual
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work load or inter personal relationships. The sources of stress can take turn in any stage in life. To understand and answer this question, we need to look at the sources of stress. There are many different causes of stress such as stress “within the person, in the family and in the community and society” (Sarafino et al.,2002). At first, let us discuss the sources of stress that can be found inside a person. Illness is one factor from where stress may arise in an individual. Illness can create physiological and physical stress on the person and stress level produced can depend on the type of illness or the age of the person. Age plays an important role in this case as it can determine the body’s ability to fight against the disease. One …show more content…
It is important to note that sometimes close relationships can be a source of stress. Though there is comfort in the family but there can be many sources of conflict and tension. Conflict can arise from different goals, financial constrains or using the amount of household resources available. In this discussion, I will only highlight three different sources of stress within the family. One source can be an addition of a new family member in the family. If a child is born in the family, it can be a source of stress for the family members. Mother is mostly the one to stress out during the time of pregnancy or right after the birth. On the other hand, it is a source of stress for the father because he needs to think about the health of the new born baby and his wife. There might be a financial burden as parents need to think about the additional expenses. It has been seen that different baby have different “temperaments or personality disposition”. Physicians and pediatric nurses describe babies as either “difficult” or “easy” ones. Difficult infants have a tendency to cry and more effort is needed to calm them. These kinds of infants usually resist changes such introducing new routines, foods or sleeping patterns. This kind of behavior becomes “stressful for parents”(handout). Second type of source is “marital strain and divorce conflict in marriage”. This directly affects health as the couple is
The Stress Model we have chosen is the Double ABCX Model. This model is suitable for our movie family because we are able to see the problems that the family has faced. The model encompasses the major variables of interest in the movie, including our pre-crises, crises, and post crises. We can see this in the first marriage, the divorce, and the second marriage; as well as everything in between. Many of the stressors are found in many categories. This is because they were not resolved by the crisis- divorce. Resources fall into many categories as well, because how they are used changes how they affect the family system.
The term ‘stress’ was generally thought to have been a concept created by Robert Hooke in the 17th century. He worked on the design of physical structures, such as bridges; his concept of stress came from how much pressure a structure could withstand. However, Lazarus (1993) pointed out that the term ‘stress’ has been used as far back as the 14th century, when it meant hardship or adversity. Back then it referred to the external stressor, such as the death of a spouse or financial worry; in the 20th century, there are many different schools of thought on this area. Hans Selye (1956), brought together the work of Cannon and Bernard and devised a comprehensive system of physiological stress; which he termed the ‘General Adaptation Syndrome’, and is a 3-stage process. He theorised that a certain level of stress called ‘eustress’ (Cox, 1978) could actually be beneficial to our overall performance. Later In 1976, Cox & Mackay devised another model called the ‘Transactional model’. This model takes into account the individual differences in the perception of the amount of stress experienced by the person. The main difference between these two models is that Selye’s model only accounts for the physiological side of stress, whereas Cox’s model takes into account both the physiological and psychological aspects of stress. Therefore, both models will have slight similarities and differences in their explanation for how stress occurs in individuals, which is the main focus of this essay.
The ABC-X model is used to understand family stress and how they deal with it. To be completely honest I am still trying to understand it better but I think I have a little bit of a grasp on it. At first I thought it was a model that helped families get through stressful situations, but the more I read about it I realized that the model explains how families get stressed. So, the model starts of with A, which stands for the provoking event or stressor. Than it moves to B which is the family using all of their resources and strength to respond to the event or stressor. After that is C, which is, how the family interprets the event or stressor. Last is X, which the degree of stress based on how the family responded and interpreted the event. The ABC-X model helps us understand how the family got to whichever degree of stress they are at, and I think being able to see that can help us help them best. Knowing what resources they have used to deal with the situation, and how they’ve interpreted what happened, gives helpers a good idea on where to meet the family.
Divorce has stressors for both the parents and the children in the marriage. This can be seen in a study conducted by Jennifer M. Weaver and Thomas J. Schofield. For this study intact and divorced families were observed. Three main things were observed when doing the study, the income of the family before the divorce, children’s IQ as well as the mother’s predivorce sensitivity (Weaver & Schofield, 2014). The results confirmed the hypothesis that “children from divorced families had significantly more behavior problem than peers from intact families” (Weaver & Schofield, 2014, p.45). As it is seen, the stressors that come along with a divorce is a child’s behavioral problems and the economic well-being of the family. Divorce brings the stressor of economic well-being, for a single mother because if before the divorce, they were of low income, now they may struggle a bit
Family is made up of both strengths and stresses. Families cannot have one of these factors without the other. Even the most dysfunctional families have some strengths that keep them united, while the most united families have some stress. Let’s take the Kardashian for example. When Kim Kardashian West was robbed of her jewelry worth nearly 9 million dollars, while that’s a big stress how her husband Kanye West reacted and walked off the stage in the middle of concert in Queen to check on her when he heard his wife has been robbed is a strength, it shows how they have a bond that could last.
The development of nursing theories has provided a perspective in which one can define the purpose of nursing, when nursing is required, and establish the parameters and goals of therapeutic nursing activities (Ahmed,2001). A nursing theory is defined "as concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining and predicting the phenomena of nursing” (Boxer & Jones, 2010). In addition, nursing theories provide frameworks through which nurses can examine various situations. As nurses encounter new situations, these frameworks provide a structure for organization, analysis, decision making and communication (Ahmed, 2001). The following paper will discuss the middle range nursing theory of Family Stress and Adaptation by Geri LoBiondo-Wood, and how it relates to patient care and guides nursing practice.
Stress comes from many areas of life especially as an adult student incorporating school at a time in life when family and work are paramount. “Adults just returning to school have substantially higher anxiety about school in general and writing in particular than younger students.”3 Stress, best described by its "synonyms: strain, pressure, (nervous) tension, worry, anxiety, trouble, difficultly"1 has a medical history "According to the American Psychological Association, the majority of office visits to the doctor involve stress-related complaints, and stress is linked to the six leading causes of death: heart disease, cancer, lung ailments, accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, and suicide."2 If managed, stress can be a way to inform me; learning how to recognize my level of stress capacity is important. The Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory 5 http://www.stress.org/holmes-rahe-stress-inventory/ is a list of stressful events that contribute to illness. My personal score on this life stress inventory is 236; I fall in the category of about a fifty percent chance of a major health breakdown in the next...
The purpose of this paper is to define stress and how it effects the body's physiological systems. This paper will include the normal functions and organs involved in the following five physiological systems, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, immune and musculoskeletal. This paper will also include a description of a chronic illness associated with each physiological system and how the illness is affected by stress.
To support the emotional and physical health of these families, nurses provide interventions that assist them through the nine tasks of family development. For Danny and Mark, lack of sleep, lack of time, social isolation, and fatigue impacts their relationship and emotional state. To help mitigate the effects of stress, the nurse educates them on activities to reduce stress and finds ways to maximize their schedule to provide opportunities to participate in those activities. .The nurse also helps Danny and Mark by suggesting and/or finding resources to help with childcare which will provide time for them to spend with each other and with friends. Supporting the emotional health of families with newborns influences positive parent-child relationships and decreases infant maltreatment, family conflicts and negative outcomes (Goldberg & Smith,
Transition to parenthood is one of the most demanding and increasingly complex life experiences that sets a couple’s future relationship trajectory for determining the quality and stability of their relationship (Kluwer, 2010). The infant’s arrival requires the couple to adjust not only to daily baby care chores but also to the new roles of parents, often leaving the interpersonal relationship between husband and wife to a low priority. The prevailing majority of scholarship describe different levels of decline in the quality of marital relationship postpartum (Wallace & Gotlib, 1990; Helms-Erikson, 2001; Twenge, Campbell, & Foster, 2003; Mitnick, Heyman, & Smith Slep, 2009; Kluwer, 2010; Umberson, Pudrovska, & Reczek, 2010). At the same time, some scholarship explains how couples have more joy, happiness and a sense of fulfillment in life because of the baby (Petch & Halford, 2008; Nelson et al., 2013), while other findings report identical levels of marital happiness before and after birth of the baby (Amato et al., 2003). A genuine controversy lies in whether a decrease or increase of couple happiness takes place at transition to parenthood. During this transitioning process, new sets of tasks challenge the couples to act in new roles and adjust their daily routines, behavior, and relationship. When the couples experience less relationship distress in completing the transition tasks, they have a higher potential to create a positive context for raising an emotionally and physically healthy child and less chances for divorce. Because divorce has negative lasting effects on descendants for the next three generations, including lower education attainment, lower income, higher relationship distress, and higher chances...
How can it affect the baby and its mother? Well everything the mother do, it has an effect on the child and vice versa. It's almost as the mother and child is 1 person but its 2 people. One activity can cause a severe harm to either one but mainly the baby growing inside the womb. This is a severe cost to the woman and the baby life's. There are ways to prevent this from happening, sometimes stress is caused from depression which is normal state everyone goes into. To prevent stress you have to relax more and maybe try bed rest with some doctors recommend when you. Your body change can cause your mood to change. Mood swings can make it harder to handle stress. (March of Dimes 1)
When the baby is admitted to the NICU, the mother is unable to have the usual bonding moments where she holds and comforts her newborn. Rather, when visiting with her child, she is required to take endless precautions, has limited time to be with her baby, and must see her little child connected to many machines helping to keep the baby stable (Shanmugam & Ramachandra, 2015). In their study, Shanmugam and Ramachandra (2015) questioned 100 mothers of neonates in the NICU, and recorded the correlation between their stress level and coping strategies. They found that 38 of the mothers had severe stress, 28 had moderate stress, and the remaining had mild stress. Of these women, 25% had good coping, 50% had moderate coping, and 25% had poor coping. A large finding from this study was that nurses and health care providers played a very big role in helping to reduce the stress levels of the mothers by talking with them and listening to their concerns, while also providing adequate care for their children. If the mother is using negative coping strategies, such as holding in all of her concerns and filling her mind with the thoughts of death, financial issues, and fear of the unknown, she is going to cause her body great harm (Shanmugam & Ramachandra,
These stressors are measured by cortisol level. Furthermore, the future of the child is also jeopardized due to stress during mother’s pregnancy. The child may have different health problems, development problems, mental and behavior problems as well. People who are planning pregnancies should be aware of the potential dangers prenatal stress can cause their
"Forty-three percent of all adults suffer adverse health effects from stress; 75 to 90 percent of all physician office visits are for stress-related ailments and complaints; stress is linked to the six leading causes of death--heart disease, cancer, lung ailments, accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, and suicide." (Miller, 1993, p.12) " Stress plays havoc with our health, our productivity, our pocketbooks, and our lives, but it is necessary, even desirable." (Oxford, 1998, p.29)
Stress is defined as “any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities” (Weiten & Lloyd, 2006, p. 72). Stress is a natural event that exists literally in all areas of one’s life. It can be embedded in the environment, culture, or perception of an event or idea. Stress is a constant burden, and can be detrimental to one’s physical and mental health. However stress can also provide beneficial effects; it can satisfy one’s need for stimulation and challenge, promote personal growth, and can provide an individual with the tools to cope with, and be less affected by tomorrow’s stress (Weiten & Lloyd, 2006, p. 93).