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Recommended: Theory of evolution
Introduction
Evolving Planet exhibit at the Field Museum of Natural History is a great exhibit that describes the origin of our planet Earth through the evolution theory. This exhibit provides animated and hands-on features to support this theory that our planet originated around 4.5 billion years ago and the history of our planet expanding across several eras and periods attributing to the existence of evolution. Evolving Planet is a vibrant, fun and comprehensive experience with the mission to compel its audience in believing in evolution through hands-on interactive displays, fascinating historical fossils, recreated sceneries and dinosaurs – all used to tell the story of how our planet evolved. Evolution has explained the biological, chemical,
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These eras and periods are considered as the blueprints chronologically ordering the evolution of life on our planet. The exhibit includes some interesting themes and artifacts to support each period. “Early Earth” section of the exhibit highlights the beginning of life, the Precambrian period, dating back to 4.5 billion years ago. During this time it is suggested that meteorites and exploded volcanoes created a harsh environment consisting of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and very high temperatures (120 F) intolerable by humans. The exploded lava cooled and created the first continents, while the steam vapor from volcanos condensed leading to heavy rains to produce the original ocean which was shallow. So, how did life begin within this harsh environment? Since we know that life forms exist by basic chemical molecules that contains carbon; two theories are proposed to explain how we go from nothing to the origin of life. The first theory suggest that organic compounds (chemical compounds that contain carbon) formed on Earth through underwater thermal vents. The second theory suggest that organic compounds were formulated on Earth via meteorites that hit Earth from outer space. The key evolutionary essentials in this period were: the expansion of photosynthetic organism and the development of sexual reproduction. If these theories are both true, the million dollar question still remains—where did these ancient volcanos and meteorites originate? The Evolving Planet exhibit failed to answer this question suggesting that God caused these
18 February 2014 “NSTA Position Statement: The teaching of Evolution”. NSTA.org. -. nd. Web. The Web. The Web.
In 1977, a recent research by geochemists Eoghan Reeves, Jeff Seewald, and Jill McDermott at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) is the first to test a fundamental assumption of this ‘metabolism first’ hypothesis. This popular view says simple reaction emerged near ancient seafloor hot springs. These reactions presumably turned a nonliving world to a living one.
The rest of this article spends time speculating through the advances in technology and the reanalyzation of old evidence to determine various cataclysmic events that happened millions of years ago. There are many sections in this article that discuss the methods used to determine the closet possible dates and the sequence in which they follow. There are also sections in this article which discuss methods used for the evidence of impact, eruption and how reading the environmental changes can help paleontologists determine conclusions and narrow the perspectives of paleontologists (scientists) and popular culture as a whole.
The Precambrian Era is when the Earth formed. Earth was barley a spec of dust in outer space and as time went by it gathered ice, rock and more dust particles. It eventually formed into a big rock flying around in space. The Earth was extremely hot and so when it rained the rain would evaporate in mid air or immediately after it hit the ground. But even though it evaporated these great rains cooled the Earth eventually building up water in lower areas creating oceans. The Earths atmosphere was water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and gases. After awhile oxygen level grew in the atmosphere. The earliest life forms were single celled organisms that lived in the oceans. These organisms used light energy to produce food called photosynthesis. These were called Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The evolution of multi celled organisms were Dramatic in change.
The main arguments in Evolution is the theory of natural selection, radiometric dating, and adaptation. The four parts to the theory of natural selection are that more individuals are produced each generation that can survive, phenotypic variation exists among individuals and the variation is heritable, those individuals with heritable traits better suited to the environment will survive, when reproductive isolation occurs new species will form. In simpler terms, this means that the organisms that are better suited to their environment will survive, animals have different genes and these genes change and can be inherited, and when one species is separated into two physically blocked areas, they will form new species. Radiometric dating as stated by Dr. Roger C. Wiens is “the process of determining the age of rocks from the decay of their radioactive elements”. This works through something called the half life of radioactive materials. The half life of radioactive materials is the amount of time it takes for radioactivity to fall to half of its original value. In simple terms, they measure how much a radioactive material has decayed and they get the age from that. Adaptation is similar to one of the four parts of natural selection. Adaptation of organisms is the variation among individuals in a species. The change from the parents to the offspring to better fit their ecological zone, is adaptation. Those are the three major facts that prove
The Origin of Life has long been debated about. In result to that there are many hypotheses that each claim that’s how life started. Some of them claim life came from space, others from clay and even hydrothermal vents. However, they’re only theories which is why many experiments and research going into proving them. Many great minds such as Alexander Oparin, Gunter Wachtershauser, Robert Vrijenhoek and Louis Pasteur are the brains behind the hypotheses which is what makes them even more interesting to test out. The hypotheses that I researched were the Primordial Soup Hypothesis, the Iron-Sulfur World Hypothesis, the Deep Sea Vent Hypothesis, the RNA World Hypothesis, the Community Clay Hypothesis and the Panspermia Hypothesis.
What is evolution? Evolution in modern terms is fairly easy to understand. Evolution is the theory that life on earth began with a single celled organism that lived more that 3.5 billion years ago that slowly evolved into many diverse creatures over time. When you break down this theory into sections you get 6 factors: evolution, gradualism, speciation, common ancestry, natural selection and nonselective mechanisms of evolutionary change.
In my visit to the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), I observed many interesting things concerning the issue on evolution and natural selection. An example of evolutionism I saw in the AMNH was the Hall of Human Biology and Evolution. This hall concentrated on human evolution and how certain traits arose through successful generation—such as the change in the skeletal system as a result of walking upright. Fossils of Australopithecus afarensis, which is believed to be the earliest human relative, are dated back nearly 4 million years.
According to the theory of evolution, approximately 3.8 billion years ago some chemicals accidentally structured themselves into a self-replicating molecule. This beginning spark of life was the ancestor of every living thing we see today. Through the processes of mutation and natural selection, that simplest life form, has been shaped into every living species.
(bethinking.org) Life demands a certain chemistry. The information that makes up any living being is stored on a long molecule called DNA. (answeringenesis.org) If the laws of chemistry were different life as we know it would not be possible. The question of how the universe came to be as it is and how we as humans came about often resonates deeply, particularly with scientists. Many conversations between scientist Christians and other scientists about God and Christ end up considering biological evolution or the Big Bang. Chemistry’s contribution to the story of our origins the transformation of inanimate matter into the first living organisms is much less well understood than other areas of our origins. However, many parts of the process are increasingly understood and we may eventually know the molecular details of the origin of life. As Christians, we need to think through how we would respond to a developed theory in this area.
“All available evidence which includes fossils, comparative anatomy, and DNA, support the theory of evolution as the scientific explanation for the rich diversity of life on earth.” – Charles Robert Darwin Upon entering the Field Museum of Natural History, Evolving Planet, Darwin's words are quoted to hint the person of all they will be seeing. Evolving Planet goes through the geological order of the planet earth starting in the Precambrian Age beginning four billion years ago. Every few million years are named, and visitors are introduced with evidence of life preserved for all that time in stone. To start, the exhibition introduced the viewer with two theories as to what may have started life on Earth.
How life originated on earth is a question that people have wondered for ages. One possibility that answer this brilliant question is the panspermia theory, which suggests that life on earth originated thanks to the contribution of cosmic beings that come from any point in the universe. This hypothesis does not speak of organisms ranging in meteorites moving through the universe to the Earth to conquer it, but it speaks of complex chemical substances which had been formed earlier from the origins of the universe, which reached the earth at any given time.
Francis Crick, co-discoverer of DNA, has said that “the origin of life appears to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have to be satisfied to get it going” (Horgan 27).2 Noted evolutionary astronomer Frederick Hoyle has described the chances of life having evolved from nonlife to be about as likely as the chances that “a tornado sweeping through a junkyard might assemble a Boeing 747 from the materials therein” (Johnson 106). Why do respected scientists doubt what textbooks teach as fact? It would appear that these scientists know something that current theories describing the origin of life fail to explain. While current theories describe scenarios in which genetic material such as RNA becomes entrapped in a protective cell membrane as a likely recipe for the formation of life, they generally do not focus on the difficulties of forming and concentrating all of these components in the first place.3 To clarify, current theories suffer from what I call the “cookbook mentality.
From this, Darwin established his theory of natural selection and how slowly over time creatures evolve to become more suited to their surroundings. Natural selection is thought to be the major process responsible for the human evolution. The Origin of Life There are many theories of how life started on earth and no one knows exactly how it happened. In 1953 Stanley Miller and Harold Urey showed that amino acids could form in the early earth atmosphere. They replicated the conditions in the early world and sparked the chemical that was present which represented a lightning bolt.
Without evolution, and the constant ever changing environment, the complexity of living organisms would not be as it is. Evolution is defined as a process that results in heritable changes in a population spread over many generations (8).Scientists believe in the theory of evolution. This belief is based on scientific evidence that corroborates the theory of evolution. In Figure 1 the pictures of the skulls depict the sequence of the evolution of Homo-sapiens. As the figure shows, man has evolved from our common ancestor that is shared by homo-sapiens. The change of diet of homo-sapiens over time has thought to contribute to the change in jaw structure and overall skull shape.