What is a refractometer and what are the uses?
A refractometer is an optical device that is used to measure the optical density or refractive index of a substance. Refractive index is a dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation is bent as it moves through a medium. It is the ratio of light’s velocity in a vacuum (n=1) to its velocity in the sample. The greater the increase in optical density or refractive index, the greater the speed of light is reduced in a solid, gas or solution. A refractometer measures the refractive index of liquids, gases and translucent solids like gemstones. There are four main types of refractometers: traditional handheld refractometers, digital handheld refractometers, laboratory or Abbe refractometers, and inline process refractometers, (Wikipedia - Refractometers). Scientists often use refractometers to measure the refractive index when studying the physical properties of different solids and liquids. Bench and handheld refractometers are usually used for more practical purposes, for example to measure the concentration of a dissolved substance.
Refractometers are used in various ways and an example of this is gemstones. Refractometers are used to determine whether a gemstone is authentic. Different stones have unique refractive indexes; from example a diamond has a refractive index of 2.42, while a topaz has the refractive index of 1.64. If the stone’s refractive index is not corresponding to the known refractive index of that stone, then it can be concluded that it is not authentic. Another example of how a refractometer is used is in optics, where it is used for testing eyesight. The visual acuity is dependent of the sharpness in which light is focused onto the retina....
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...iew – Global Water http://www.globalw.com/support/refractometer.html Abbe Refractometer – Value @ Amrita http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?sub=1&brch=195&sim=545&cnt=1 How to Use a Traditional Analog Handheld Refractometer – Misco http://www.misco.com/training/traditional-handheld How Does a Refractometer Work? – eHow http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5314561_refractometer-work.html Refractometer – Gemology Online http://gemologyproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Refractometer#Different_types_of_refractometers.html?ref=Track2&utm_source=ask
Handheld Refractometer – refractometer.pl http://www.refractometer.pl/hand-held-refractometer How to Use an Abbe Refractometer – eHow http://www.ehow.com/how_6966102_use-abbe-refractometer.html Critical angle refractometer – refractometer.pl http://www.refractometer.pl/critical-angle-refractometer
The transducer in the assay was the Shimadzu UVmini-1240 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. It is used to measure the absorbance of ferricyanide in solution. Ferricyanide is a yellow species that be measured and compared to the glucose concentration of the sample. Electrochemical glucometers look like the most common type of transducer for commercial use. It utilizes electrodes and flowing current measured by a voltmeter.2
However, the measured densities lied below the accepted densities of 0.933 g/mL, 0.900 g/mL, and 0.888 g/mL for methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and propyl acetate respectively. Refractive indices increased across all groups, including Group 6, from the methyl acetate sample to the propyl acetate sample just as expected from the theoretical refractive index values of the pure liquids. In addition, the refractive index % error calculations of Group 6 indicate that samples 1,3, and 5 produced refractive index values relatively close to the theoretical refractive indices of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and propyl acetate respectively. Although no distillation produces a perfectly pure liquid, the lack of relatively constant temperatures seen in the data and plots makes it unlikely that the samples collected by the class distillations had a high level of purity. Evaporation from the samples due to a lack of properly fitting test tube caps also reduced the usefulness of the density and refractive index calculations for determining the closeness of the obtained samples to the pure
There are three parts to the eye exam, the visual acuity exam. This test uses an eye chart to measure how good you can see an object details or the shape of an object at a far distance. 20/20 is the perfect visual acuity and if you 're legally blind than its worse than or equal to 20/200 in both eyes. The second exam is called the slit lamp exam which is a type of microscope that is used to examine the front part of the eye,, that includes the eyelids, conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, iris, anterior chamber, the lens, and part of the retina and optic nerve. The third exam is called dilated exam. Dilated exam is when drops are placed in the eyes to widen or dilate the pupil to enable your eye M.D. to examine the retina and optic nerve for signs of damage (“Diabetic Retinopathy
Throughout centuries; researchers, scientists and engineers have brought about great innovations to the world. These innovations are limited to no single field, but instead have been shared throughout them all. Whether it is advanced weaponry and guidance systems or the remote that controls your television, advances have been made. One of the most notable advances has been in the field of criminology. Two new pieces of technology that have made quite a large impact are Infra-red Spectroscopy and Chromatography.
My interest into becoming an optometrist had begun when I was in high school; it happened in an unconventional way. It was not through watching videos, or someone explaining to me what optometry was, but rather, seeing the power of it firsthand. There was a point in my life where I felt emotions that I was unable to comprehend at the time. Seeing a family member on an operating table was the most petrifying moment that I have gone through, especially when the person on the table was my father. My father had to get a chalazion removed from his right eyelid. The doctor told my family that my father would be susceptible to certain health risks because of his diabetes and the severity of his cyst. This procedure was the hardest thing I have had to deal with in my life because it made me feel helpless. Usually, when my dad needs help he always asks me, but this time I could not do anything. It is interesting to think that something so small had such a big affect on my life.
Some Simple Optics Refraction Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium, crosses a boundary, and enters another medium of different properties. For example, light travels from air to water. The amount of refraction (or bending) can be calculated using Snell's Law. Refractor How Refractor Telescopes Work? The principle behind the refractive telescopes is the use of two glass lenses (objective lens and eyepiece lens) to gather and bend parallel light rays in a certain way so that the image fits the size of the eye's pupil.
Newton acquired many of these lenses and began to experiment with how they could manipulate rays of light. In one of his experiments he had a beam of sunlight pass through one of the prisms and observed a spectrum of light hitting the wall of a dark room. He continues to manipulate these experiments. In one he drilled a small hole into a board placed against a window and then placed a prism over the hole. He projected this beam of light onto a wall as well as on a white sheet of paper. This created a round white image with a sliver of blue around the upper rim and red around the lower rim. He performed another experiment in which he had a beam of white light pass through one prism which separated the different colors and then made it pass through an identical prism that was upside down, which turned the beam back into plain white light. Through these experiments he showed that light can be both decomposed and put back
Perhaps the greatest contribution to the astronomy was the intervention of the reflecting telescope. Further, he analyzed the properties of glass and came to the conclusion that refracting telescopes would always suffer from the noticeable aberrations. Further, the fundamental problem was the chromatic aberration. It arises from the prism-like effect, as light passes through a lens and is bent. Besides, every wavelength of the light is bent by the different amount. In essence, the red light appears to be bent more than the blue
An oscilloscope is an electronic test instrument that is used to observe an electronic signal, typically voltage, as a function of time. In other words, it is a voltage versus time plotter. Oscilloscopes come in two basic types, analogue or digital, and support various features and functions useful for measuring and testing electronic circuits. An oscilloscope is a key piece of test equipment for any electronics designer.
Refraction of Light Aim: To find a relationship between the angles of incidence and the angles of refraction by obtaining a set of readings for the angles of incidence and refraction as a light ray passes from air into perspex. Introduction: Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where it's speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray toward the normal to the boundary between the two media. The amount of bending depends on the indices of refraction of the two media and is described quantitatively by Snell's Law. (Refer to diagram below)
Now in order to understand how lights is able to be refracted in different angles, it is important to understand the Snell’s Law which states that, the refractive angle always depend on the refractive index of both media. Now, the refractive index keeps on changing depending on the wavelength of the light passing through. Light, as we know, it is a wave that has different wavelength. Each wavelength represents a different color. Thus, different colors will have different refractive index when passed through the same media. It is important to note that light is normally refracted twice when it travels through a prism, first on its way in, and when it is going back.
Within the various applications of optics investigated, it is clear that while technology has progressed and advanced over time, optical devices such as mirrors, prisms and lenses will still be very much in use in the future. The fundamental properties of these instruments are utilised and manipulated in a range of optical gadgets such as telescopes and projectors. Even in areas outside of visual aid and entertainment, optical apparatuses can be used to trick the eye and even showcase 3D images, as seen in holograms. Although metamaterials used in stealth technology lack obvious uses of mirrors, prisms and lenses, knowledge of principles observed in these tools such as reflection and refraction is used in the developing stages. In can then be said that the technology is based on understanding of the three aforementioned devices.
Refraction is a process that occurs when light travels between media of different optical density. Light travels at a speed of roughly 3.0 × 108ms-1 in a vacuum. A vacuum has a refractive index n=1.00. The speed at which the light is travelling will decrease as it moves into differently optically
My time observing was not only educational for me on how to become the teacher I desire to be, but as well as how to better myself as a student and improve my own learning. I observed some wonderful learning tools that I have since implemented into my own education to develop my own learning.