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History of telescopes
History of telescopes
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Recommended: History of telescopes
Newton’s Telescope Project Report
Introduction
One of the outcomes of the Newton’s work was the development of the reflecting telescopes. In essence, the earliest telescopes such as the one used by Galileo consisted of the glass lenses mounted in a tube (Jenny, et al. 12). Further, Newton discovered that when light passed through a lens, the different colors were refracted by differing amounts. In solving this problem of the chromatic aberration, Newton designed a telescope that used mirrors, rather than lenses, to bring the light to a focus. Further, the light from the object being viewed is collected by the concave primary mirror and reflected a smaller secondary plane mirror. Furthermore, the mirror is inclined at 45 degrees to the axis
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Perhaps the greatest contribution to the astronomy was the intervention of the reflecting telescope. Further, he analyzed the properties of glass and came to the conclusion that refracting telescopes would always suffer from the noticeable aberrations. Further, the fundamental problem was the chromatic aberration. It arises from the prism-like effect, as light passes through a lens and is bent. Besides, every wavelength of the light is bent by the different amount. In essence, the red light appears to be bent more than the blue …show more content…
"Polarimetric analysis of the thirty meter telescope (TMT) for modeling instrumental polarization characteristics." SPIE Astronomical Telescopes+ Instrumentation. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014.
Casagrande, L., et al. "Strömgren Survey for Asteroseismology and Galactic Archaeology: Let the SAGA Begin." Astrophysical Journal 787.2 (2014): 110.
Costes, Vincent, Guillaume Cassar, and Laurent Escarrat. "Optical design of a compact telescope for the next generation earth observation system." International Conference on Space Optics. 2012.
Cropper, Mark, et al. "VIS: the visible imager for Euclid." SPIE Astronomical Telescopes+ Instrumentation. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014.
Ely, Justin, et al. "Updates to the Performance and Calibration of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope." IAU General Assembly 22 (2015): 55542.
Galper, A. M., et al. "Characteristics of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope for searching for dark matter signatures." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 77.11 (2013): 1339-1342.
Giakoumidis, N., et al. "Developing a Telescope Simulator towards a Global Autonomous Robotic Telescope Network." Publications de l 'Observatoire Astronomique de Beograd 92 (2013):
... Experiment” (OGLE) are two missions which monitor these microlensing events. Planets around low mass stars are easier to detect with this method as the ratio of the planet to stars mass will increase and so the gravitational microlensing effect will be larger.
His problem statement (a description of the issue being tested during the experiment) was: Can Hooke’s theory of light and the currently accepted theory be verified? The key to Newton’s experiment was a glass prism. According to the book, Isaac Newton (written by Gale E. Christianson), glass prisms were believed to have displayed the phenomena of the scale of light and give proof that the scale of light went from a bright red (color closest to white) to a dull blue (color closest to black). It was also believed that all of these colors were modifications of true white. To test this theory, Newton bought a glass prism “to try therewith the celebrated phenomena of colors” (More, 389). Newton took his prism to his upstairs bedroom and made sure that the room was completely darkened. He then positioned the prism on a table and drilled a one-eighth inch hole into the window shutter so that the light would pass through the prism at a specific angle and was projected onto a wall ("Newton and the Colour of Light"). According to the accepted theory of light, should light pass through a glass prism at that angle, the colors of the spectrum of light should be projected in a perfect circle. However, Newton observed that the colors were arranged into a rectangular shape and the pattern was wider than was predicted. Newton concluded that each color refracted at a different angle as it passed
2, Alter Dinsmore, Cleminshaw H. Clarence, Philips G John. Pictorial Astronomy. United States: Sidney Feinberg, 1963.
In 1704 Newton actually composed the book on the refraction of light. Jazzily titled "Opticks," the work changed the way we consider light and color. Researchers of the day realized that rainbows formed when the light was refracted and reflected in raindrops, however, they didn 't know why rainbows were so beautiful. At the point when Newton initially started his studies at Cambridge, the normal theory was that the water some way or another colored the sun 's beams distinctive colors. Utilizing a light and a crystal, Newton tested by running white light through a crystal to separate it into a rainbow of colors. The crystal trick was nothing new, The crystal trick was nothing new. By mirroring the scattered pillars into another crystal, however, Newton reformed them back into the white light, proving that the colors were a characteristic of the light
Waller, William H. The Milky Way: An Insider's Guide. Princeton, N.J: Princeton UP, 2013. 42+. Print.
Research News Planetary Scientists are Seeing the Unseeable Richard A. Kerr Science, New Series, Vol. 235, No. 2 -. 4784. The. Jan. 2, 1987, pp. 113-117. 29-31. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Stable URL:
...zone, methane, and water (Space Telescope Science Institute Website). It will be able to reveal what drives star formation, and interactions between dark matter and galaxies (Space Telescope Science Institute Website). Also, the angular resolution will be 5-10 times better than the James Webb Space Telescope (Space Telescope Science Institute Website).
Tyler, Pat. Supernova. NASA’s Heasarc: Education and Public Information. 26 Jan. 2003. 22 Nov. 2004
Our galaxy also known as the Milky Way, with reference to a Greek word galaktos mean- ing milk, is the most studied galaxy. It is also referred as the Galaxy. A part of it can be seen on clear dark nights as a faint white band of light stretching across the sky. Study of its constituent stars will help to understand its structure and evolution. The structure of it is the intense subject of many studies for the last four centuries.
During the 1500’s however the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe meticulously studied and plotted the night sky with great accuracy. As telescopes were not invented yet he developed his own tools for measuring astronomy. His methods were so detailed and were within an accuracy of 0.5 arc minutes. His model was a combination of both geocentric and hel...
Scientists and engineers have been able to enhance our lifestyles by understanding and using the Laws, Concepts and Principles of Optics and how they are applied in Optical Instruments. The key concepts are:
Refractor telescopes were first invented in 1608 by a man named Hans Lippershey. The refractor telescope was then adapted a number of times with the later version of the refractor telescope made by Johannes Kepler. This structure of Kepler’s refractor telescope is the base design of what most refractors telescopes today are made from.
Figure 7. Wright, Ned. Las Campanas Redshift Survey. Digital image. Talk Origins. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 May 2014. .
The era of radio telescopes along with radio astronomy begun with Karl Guthe Jansky's discovery of an astronomical radio source in 1931. In the 20th century, many types of telescopes were developed for a wide range of wavelengths from radio to gamma-rays. (infrared telescopes--700 nm/ 0.7 µm - 1000 µm/1 mm, ultra-violet teles...