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Piaget's cognitive stage theory
The strengths and weaknesses of Piaget’s theories
The strengths and weaknesses of Piaget’s theories
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Piaget: Concrete Operational Stage Introduction When applying Piaget’s theory to middle childhood or children between the ages of 6 to 12 years, most fall into the concrete operational stage. According to Piaget, children between the ages of 7 years to 11 years fall into this third stage of development (Shaffer & Kipp, 2010). During the concrete operational stage of development, children rapidly develop and acquire cognitive operations (Shaffer & Kipp, 2010). During the concrete operational stage, children also approach ideas and events more flexibly and logically, can solve problems more systematically than before, and able to operate more efficiently when working with and analyzing concrete objects (Seifert, 2015). Finally, children entering in and remaining in Piaget’s concrete operational stage undergo dramatic physical changes, are more able to set and pursue goals, and are more focused in their actions and thinking. There are many concepts that are discussed and contained within the third stage of Piaget’s theory. However, three of the most common concepts include conservation, classification, and seriation. These concepts will be discussed, and examples will be provided on how each concept could impact a child’s functioning in a home, educational …show more content…
Seriation also refers to the child’s ability to count and measure specific objects, numbers, or artifacts (Ojose, 2008). If a child were to demonstrate seriation at home, it would impact his or her ability to put toys away and arrange stuffed animals in a specific order. At school, seriation would impact a child’s performance in math class and his or her ability to count and list numbers in orders/patterns. Finally, if a child were to demonstrate seriation in a social situation, it could impact how he or she views themselves compared to their friends in terms of height and
Piaget believed that children in this stage experience two kinds of phenomena: pretend play and Egocentrism. Pretend play is the ability to perform mental operations using symbols. Egocentrism is the inability to perceive things from a different point of view. For example, a child covering his own eyes, because he believes that if he can’t see someone, then they can’t see him as well. When a child is seven to eleven years old, it is in the concrete operational stage. At this point, Piaget believed that children are able to grasp the concept of conservation. Conservation is the principle that mass and volume remain the same despite the change in forms of objects. For example, children at this age are mentally capable of pouring a liquid in different types of containers. Piaget also believed that at this age a child is capable of understanding different mathematical transformations. At the age of 12, children reach the Formal Operation stage, the final stage in Piaget’s stages of Cognitive Development. This is the
One of the teachers made mention of participation of students in class. In this stage moral and ethical lessons are important to them because it shows who they really are. Also, the middle school teacher made mention of the kind of social group middle school students want to belong to. Piaget considered children between the ages of 7 to 12 to be under the Concrete operational stage. In the Concrete Operational stage children develop from egocentric thinking and are more rule-regulated like how the middle school teacher explained it. One of the important aspect of this stage is their identity. She also talked about how crashed or down they are when they do not pass their exams that is SOL. During this stage, the middle teacher said she uses Station based learning where students are broken down or divided in order for them to learn and also differentiation where she creates different skills for students in helping them
In acquiring this new-found knowledge Piaget stated that when the child is given a more complex problem they can use logical and cognitive processes to answer instead of just their imagination and/or visual prospects (Feldman, 2006, pp. 286-287). Although some kids may not fully just jump into the concrete operation stage Piaget says it is completely normal that kids shift back and forth between preoperational and concrete operational thinking during the two years before they completely reach the stage. When the process is complete you should notice how your child becomes more sophisticated in handling their information. Their concepts of speed and time also highly increase. During the middle childhood stage, short term memory improves significantly. For example, a child will be able to repeat a set of numbers back to you with more ease and less concentration then they could before (Feldman, 2006, p. 289). Vocabulary of children also begin to rapidly increase during the school years. They can take in what the teacher says and store it in their brains so more knowledge is obtained. This is the stage in which your child usually learns to read and
A well-known psychologist, Jean Piaget is most famous for his work in child development. In his theory of cognitive development, Piaget presents four stages of mental development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Piaget explains the adaptation processes that allow transition from one stage to the next. He also emphasizes the role of schemas as a basic unit of knowledge.
This theory is crafted by Jean Piaget (1896– 1980) and his work concentrated on seeing how kids see the world. Piaget trusted that from outset, we have the fundamental mental structure on which all ensuing information and learning are based and because of natural development and ecological experience, the mental procedures will have a dynamic rearrangement. Piaget's presumption was that kids are dynamic takes part in the advancement of information and they adjust to nature through currently looking to comprehend their condition. He proposed that cognitive advancement occurs in four phases, 0 to 2 years being the sensori motor, 2 years to 7 years the preoperational, 7 to 12 years the solid operations, and 12 years or more the formal operations.
He developed his own laboratory and spent years recording children’s intellectual growth. Jean wanted to find out how children develop through various stages of thinking. This led to the development of Piaget four important stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor stage (birth to age two), preoperational stage (age two to seven), concrete-operational stage (ages seven to twelve), and formal-operational stage (ages eleven to twelve, and thereafter).
Piaget recorded intellectual abilities and development in infants, children, and teens. The four different stages of Piaget’s developmental stages are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Sensorimotor is from birth up to twenty- four months of age. Preoperative toddlerhood includes children from eighteen months old all the way to early childhood, seven years of age. Operational is from the age of seven to twelve.
The third stage is the Concrete Operational stage (7-11 years); this is when children are starting to solve problems mentally and develop concepts and are beginning to get better at understanding and following rules. Piaget’s fourth and final stage is the Formal Operational Stage (11 years and over); this stage is where the child is able to think not only as in the terms of the concrete, but also think in the abstract and is now able to think hypothetically. Piaget’s theory is one where children learn in a different manner to that of adults as they do not have the life experiences and interactions that adults have and use to interpret information. Children learn about their world by watching, listening and doing. Piaget’s constructivist theory has had a major impact on current theories and practices of education. Piaget has helped to create a view where the focus is on the idea of developmentally appropriate education. This denotes to an education with environments, materials and curriculum that are coherent with a student’s cognitive and physical abilities along with their social and emotional
Piaget has four stages in his theory: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of development in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. This stage lasts from birth to the second year of life for babies, and is centered on the babies exploring and trying to figure out the world. During this stage, babies engage in behaviors such as reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, and tertiary circular
Following the pre-operational stage, children progress to the concrete operational stage. Piaget considered this third stage to be a pivotal moment in cognitive development as it marks the beginning of logical thought. Building upon their previous understanding of transformation, children grasp the idea of conservation, which states that regardless of how the physical characteristics of an object change, its
Piaget created four stages of cognitive development, those being the sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage and the last stage which is the formal operational stage (Nagel & Scholes, 2016). In the first stage of development, which is birth to two, Piaget believed that children develop the skills to be able to understand the world through their senses and develop object permanence at the later end of this stage, it is also in this stage that children begin to develop their own concept of language (Nagel & Scholes, 2016). Piaget’s theory of cognitive develop states that it is within the preoperational stage, from 2 to 7 years old, that children develop the skills to be able to form language and other symbol systems, and can start thinking logically (Nagel & Scholes, 2016). Children in this stage have the ability to use intuition and problem solving, and use sounds, signals and begin using words within their vocabulary successfully (Nagel & Scholes, 2016). The preoperational stage is the ideal stage for parents to be involved in their children’s literacy and numeracy development (Nagel & Scholes, 2016; Skwarchuk et al.,
Children’s from this stage remain egocentric for the most part but to begin to internalize representations. (Piaget, 1999). Concrete operational stage is children to age seven to eleven. They develop the ability to categorize objects and how they relate to one another. A child’s become more mastered in math by adding and subtracting. If a child eat one brownie out of a jar containing six. By doing the math there would be 5 brownies left by counting the remaining brownies left in the jar because they are able to model the jar in their
“The influence of Piaget’s ideas in developmental psychology has been enormous. He changed how people viewed the child’s world and their methods of studying children. He was an inspiration to many who came after and took up his ideas. Piaget's ideas have generated a huge amount of research which has increased our understanding of cognitive development.” (McLeod 2009). Piaget purposed that we move through stages of cognitive development. He noticed that children showed different characteristics throughout their childhood development. The four stages of development are The Sensorimotor stage, The Preoperational Stage, The Concrete operational stage and The Formal operational stage.
Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development suggests that children have four different stages of mental development. The main concept of Jean Piaget’s theory is that he believes in children being scientists by experimenting with things and making observations with their senses. This approach emphasizes how children’s ability to make sense of their immediate everyday surroundings. Piaget also proposed that children be perceived to four stages based on maturation and experiences.
Piaget theorised that children’s thinking goes through changes at each of four stages (sensory, motor, concrete operations and formal operations) of development until they can think and reason as an adult. The stages represent qualitatively different ways of thinking, are universal, and children go through each stage in the same order. According to Piaget each stage must be completed before they can move into the next one and involving increasing levels of organisation and increasingly logical underlying structures. Piaget stated that the ‘lower stages never disappear; they become inte... ...