Pestalozzi, Froebel, and Rousseau made major contributions to education through their ideas and methods. Many of these thought and philosophies are important to me in my current views of students and education, influencing the kind of teacher I aspire to be and the methods I plan to put in place. Rousseau lived during the 18th century Age of Reason and the French Enlightenment and provided many educational philosophies that can still be applied to teaching today. He questioned the authority of established church and the absolute monarchy, leading him to reject schools as well because of the practice of schools socializing children. He viewed schools as institutions he wanted people to gain freedom from. One of his main thoughts was that people …show more content…
He lived during the early 19th century, when industrialization was just beginning. Unlike Rousseau, he believed schools could be good and favored group instruction. To him, the purpose of education was to develop the human being’s moral, mental, and physical powers harmoniously by using sense perception to form clear ideas. His idea of curriculum consisted to object lessons, reliance on sensation, and teaching from simple concepts to complex concepts, near ideas to far ideas, concrete thoughts to abstract thought. The role of the teacher was to be a facilitator of learning, creating a homelike environment, and being skilled in special method. This changed the way instruction was given in elementary schools. Of the three thinkers looked at, I most align with Pestalozzi 's views and feel there is a lot I can learn from studying his philosophies. The idea of students learning in an unhurried, caring and emotionally secure environment mirrors the type of classroom I want to create. I also think his methods of curriculum are very applicable in using object lessons and introducing simple concepts first before building up to complex ideas. Pestalozzi’s philosophies have been very influential in the education system as well as my personal educational
Vico, Giambattista. On Humanistic Education (Six Inaugural Orations. 1699-1707). Trs. Giorgio A. Pinton and Arthur W. Shippee. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.
Rousseau believes its possible to have both complete freedom and yet also legitimate authority. The essential outline Rousseau paints an equal relation between freedom and the authority of state. He argues that we as naturally free people, if it doesn't detract from our freedom. `If one must obey because of force, one need not do so out of duty; and if one is no longer forced to obey one is no longer obliged' (Rousseau: Cress (ed.), 1987, bk1, ch.3, p.143). Therefore Rousseau has shown that superior power, naked force or power through tradition is not the source of any legitimate authority the state has over us. Rousseau's fundamental problem is to find a solution of structuring the state so that we can live in a state and yet remain as free as possible. Hence, by sacrificing our particular will on major social or national matters in favour of the general will we are ennobled and freed .
... year to travel Europe and founded a dislike towards western Europe. His introduction to different European teaching methods and its various experts in education to inspire what would become an interest in academic systems. He returned with a wealth of knowledge and opened an experimental school for the peasant children living on his estate and lands. He applied the teachings and beliefs of his favorite philosopher, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and denied any use of reward or punishment as motivation, abolished grades, and emphasized spontaneity of education. He had developed a school that would cater to the uninterested minds that he was apart of as a young boy and adult. Finally satisfied of the years of freedom earned from his bachelor life, Leo settled to marry. He married Sofya (“Sonya”) Andreyevna Bers: a noble lady, well-educated, and appreciator of music and art.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau has been referred to as the father of the romanticism movement due to his philosophical writings challenging the status quo at the time. To help set the cultural scene surrounding him, he lived in Paris just prior to the French Revolution where turmoil was in the atmosphere. During this time in France’s history monarchs reigned, the Catholic Church was the leading religion, and those who were considered commoners were viewed as less than human. I believe Rousseau’s environment led him to ponder and write about assumptions regarding human nature, the government’s role in relation to humans, types of will people have, and educational methods. His works had some comparative and contrasting features
Wallis, Claudia. “How to Make Great Teachers.” Time Online. 13 Feb. 2008. Web. 16 March 2011.
Providing the 17th century world with an alternative, innovative view on philosophy, politics, economics, and education among other interrelated and important aspects of life, John Locke proved to be a person of immense impact. Born in 1632, in Wrington, England, Locke was the author of many known writings which include the Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689), The Two Treaties of Government (1698), A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689), and Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) (Goldie 32). Locke’s writings represent a series of topics involving the purpose of philosophy, emergence of empiricism, and the role as well as limits of governments and churches in terms of liberty and natural rights. In a time where exposure of such controversial ideas would jeopardize the well-being of an author, it is no wonder that Locke postponed the publishing of his writings until after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. However, what impact did Locke’s ideas have in philosophy? Education? Economics? Politics? And what impact do Locke’s ideas have today? These questions represent only a fraction of a possible in-depth exploration of Locke’s lifelong work.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was known for his thoughts that humans are basically good and fair in their natural state but were often corrupted by the shared concepts and joint activities like property, agriculture, science, and commerce (Schmalleger, 2012). He felt that the social contract started when civilized people agreed to establish governments and systems of education that would correct the problems and inequalities that were brought on by civilization (Schmalleger, 2012). Rousseau believed in the formation of a social contract where the government system would fight off the corruption that was brought out. He felt that human rights should be applied to laws (Schmalleger,
The Enlightenment was an astonishing time of transformation in Europe. During this time in the eighteenth century there was a progressive movement that was labeled by its criticism of the normal religious, social, and political perceptions. A number of significant thinkers, with new philosophies, had inspired creativeness and change. These thinkers had many different thoughts and views on people and the way they act, and views on the government. Two well-known and most influential thinkers of this time were the English political philosopher John Locke and the French political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. These two men had laid down some of the intellectual grounds of the modern day government and both had different opinions on what the government’s role in a society.
Education was believed to have also been a key to self-advancement in this society. Education then became important for political means, the social good, and the individual good of citizens, states, and the United States as a whole. With the creation of a new education bill and the building of new schools, Thomas Jefferson strongly believed that providing education was “the most certain, and the most legitimate engine of government” as the people are “the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty” (Urban, 2009, p. 83). While many theories of educational systems were proposed during this time, schools were ultimately created at the local level by small groups of individuals.
Jean Jacques Rousseau in On Education writes about how to properly raise and educate a child. Rousseau's opinion is based on his own upbringing and lack of formal education at a young age. Rousseau depicts humanity as naturally good and becomes evil because humans tamper with nature, their greatest deficiency, but also possess the ability to transform into self-reliant individuals. Because of the context of the time, it can be seen that Rousseau was influenced by the idea of self-preservation, individual freedom, and the Enlightenment, which concerned the operation of reason, and the idea of human progress. Rousseau was unaware of psychology and the study of human development. This paper will argue that Rousseau theorizes that humanity is naturally good by birth, but can become evil through tampering and interfering with nature.
Two early philosopher who made contributions to the ideas present in education today were Abu Hamind ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali and Moses Maimonides. Some of the issues which they felt most strongly about were their attitudes towards students’ free time, teaching methods, and student-teacher relationships. The two philosophers presented ideas that were similar to one another, and some that differed as well.
John would be the man that would in the near future write about education, which he believed could be one of the biggest keys in improving society. This is exceptionally true in today’s world as the world leaders currently dominating and overpowering are those that attained a good education and were pushed to their limits by teachers and parents alike. The education our youth and society receive in their primetime “zone” for learning, is what will either determine their getting a good job or ending up homeless. Comenius believed that all individuals being equal before God should in turn be entitled to equal education. “He believed that schools should prepare children for life and for further education that he envisaged as taking place in a series of ascending grades, where at each level the child would be exposed to an ever widening circle of knowledge” (145). This basis of schooling that John Amos came up with still remains the system we use today, of course with a few tweaks. In today’s schooling there are three sections of schooling which are then divided into subparts based on age and intelligence. A man by the name of John Locke however had somewhat contradicting ideas regarding teaching over nurturing. Locke believed that a child would most succeed if they are given knowledge to be received through their
The political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx examined the role that the state played and its relationship to its citizen’s participation and access to the political economy during different struggles and tumultuous times. Rousseau was a believer of the concept of social contract with limits established by the good will and community participation of citizens while government receives its powers given to it. Karl Marx believed that power was to be taken by the people through the elimination of the upper class bourgeois’ personal property and capital. While both philosophers created a different approach to establishing the governing principles of their beliefs they do share a similar concept of eliminating ownership of capital and distributions from the government. Studying the different approaches will let us show the similarities of principles that eliminate abuse of power and concentration of wealth by few, and allow access for all. To further evaluate these similarities, we must first understand the primary principles of each of the philosophers’ concepts.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a great philosopher who lived in the Enlightenment. He was a very influential philosopher and “Thinker” he has written many books including The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. Rousseau’s theory was in essence that humans were created naturally pure and innocent but over time and new technologies become more evil. He had thought that in the very first light of man he was completely innocent, a being who had no intention to harm anyone else. However as time progressed and the growing capacity for man increased and the
Rousseau's society has a very controlling government with a lot of power that could be damaging if given to the wrong people.... ... middle of paper ... ... His views are very optimistic, assuming that no one would take advantage of the power given. Some might even label him as wanting utopianism.