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Psychological theory of youth gangs
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For children growing up in the modern era specifically the last few decades there has been a social term referring to children whom are left for significant amounts of time to care for them self as Latchkey children. These children come from both married and single parent households. Often the reason the children are left to care for them self in modern-day societies is so their parents can work. From the time the kids get out of school to whenever their parents get off work they’re alone without nannies or babysitters. Today children who self-care are often viewed has abused or neglected although this is not always the case. Often the term latchkey children it is associated with feminism and single mothers creating problems for society by breaking down family structure and societies morals on raising children (Muller, 1991). Studies do show that single parents are more likely to leave their children to self-care it is not a matter of choice but of necessity.
Latchkey children grow up in a variety of settings that lead to self-care, which depends on multiple factors including family relationships, trust, poverty and the parent’s methods of childcare (Muller, 1991). Many latchkey children spent their time watching TV, playing video games, and visiting staying at friends houses, while others were left
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In urban settings children on the streets are more likely to be exploited and become involved with gangs (Vandivere, Tout, Zaslow, & Calkins, 2003). Out on the streets the children are more likely to engage in gangs due to the cared for feelings associated with being part of a group with members looking after each other in a family like manner. The danger of being abused by adults, engaging in acts of violence and high-risk activities is often higher for latchkey
Hanser and Gomila (2015) states, “For many younger juveniles, adult gang members serve as role models whose behavior is to be emulated as soon as possible to become full-pledge gang-bangers because of the prestige, respect, and sense of belonging that the gang-banger role provides them” (341). Other reasons why female juveniles join gangs was due to lack of family support and various types of violence in their lives. Hanser and Gomila (2015) noted “The involvement of juvenile females in sexual activities, substance abuse, and violence was clearly related to membership in gangs” (p. 348). Sexual abuse was among the primary reasons why female juveniles join gangs. Female juveniles living in urban ghettos are more likely to be sexually abused, and they join gangs as a way of coping and to escape the realities of poverty. Female juveniles will experience more hardships as compared to make juveniles, before they are fully received as full pledge gang members. As previously stated, sexual abuse was among the primary reasons why female juveniles join gangs; however, sexual abuse does not end there because it continues to occur throughout their gang life (Hanser & Gomila,
Children in single parent homes live very complicated lifestyles and will often grow up with many hardships. Single parent homes are becoming normal in today’s society and are beginning to outnumber nuclear two parent families. Being a single parent is hard when it comes to balancing a job, money, a place to live and on top of that raising a child. The struggles of the parent takes an enormous toll on the child with lifelong effects.
Sometimes what you are looking for, is right in front of your eyes. In life, people have an emptiness that they need to fill, particularly in today’s society. Nowadays, single-parent homes are common, and often the children look in the wrong places for another adult figure. Whether the child is 7 or 17, they are still longing for a feeling of belonging to a mother and a father. According to statistics dating back to 2011, the majority of children in lone-parent families lived with a divorced or separated lone parent. According to Psychology Today, single mothers are up against double the challenges, including keeping their child away from addiction, aggression, and crime. 22,000 adolescents under the care of a single mother,
Latchkey kids are children who return from school to an empty home because their parent or parents are away at work, or a child who is left home with little parental supervision. Over ½ of children in the United States are latchkey kids due to single parents or parental divorce. Leaving kids at home alone can be very dangerous and in some cases leads to children being separated from their parents by childcare, so being a latchkey child has many effects. Some of the negative effects of being latchkey kids are peer pressure from other children or adults, injuries from trying to be independent or from being harmed, and loneliness. The amount of effects latchkey kids face can be minimized by community involvement,
This paper analyses why youth join gangs from a theoretical perspective. Sutherland’s Differential Association theory will be used to explain why youth join gangs because of its socio-psychological focus (Ball, Cullen, and Lilly 2015). I will argue that youth join gangs because of peer, familial and socio-economic influences. Differential Association theory is able to explain peer and familial influences as reasons youth gang involvement, but it is unable to account for why school influences lead youth to join gangs.
When one is single, the hardest job in the world gets exponentially harder (Grants).Single parents, especially mothers who work full time do not get chance to spend quality time with their children. Parents need to spend time to get to know their children better by giving them attention. When children begin to come to terms with the fact that their parents will not be available attention-wise, they begi...
Society today is becoming more and more reliant on the concept of “out-sourcing Mothering” through the use of child care centres. This is creating major problems in today's society and become more and more evident as we watch our children grow up. Due to the lack of time the Mother is spending with the child, it makes it difficult for the child to receive the nurture and attention it needs to form good relationships. When these things are lacking in early life, children are affected later in life during school with lack of self-esteem, respect, and behavioural issues. Many parents feel the pressure to both work to financially provide, however, it is clear that the social benefit of Mothers raising children at home by far outweighs the financial
However, the first social factor that leads the youth to join a gang is the parental influence. Parental influence includes lack of control or supervision that leads youth to join a gang (Gilman et al. 2014: 205). Gilman et al. (2014) argue that the youth join a gang when family does not act as a primary socialize agent to monitor their children. Howell and Egley (2005) argue that the poor parental supervision predicts a gang membership in early adolescence. Also, the poor social control leads youth to join a gang more frequently than the children with parental control (Bell 2009:367). Bell (2009) argues that the youth with strong social bonding with families are less likely to join a gang than others.
Almost all cities in the United States have trouble with gangs. Gangs include members from all walks of life. They are made up of female members as well as male members. They can be found in neighborhoods, schools, and even prisons. Many people dislike gangs and wished they did not exist. Some people see being in a gang as their way of life. Today, many young people are attracted to gangs. Gangs are glamorized and talked about in songs and seen in movies. Gangs hold a special attraction for some people. Potential members are recruited into gangs every day for various reasons. Even though there are many reasons why young people join gangs, there are things people can do to prevent young people from joining.
Latchkey Children are children that come home after school and are left alone without parental supervision until their parents come home from work. This phenomenon became common during WWII, when one parent would be drafted to war and the other parent was forced to get a job to support the family. Today it is fairly common for both parents to have a job and the prices of after-school child care continue to rise. One in twenty-five kindergartners through fifth-graders care for themselves after school according to America After 3PM. Parents feel guilty leaving their children at home for a few hours a day but many times that is the only option.
The Family structure has changed significantly in the last fifty years. With higher percentages of marriage ending in divorce, and higher rates of childbearing out of wedlock, single parent families are increasing rapidly. “Seventy percent of all the children will spend all or part of their lives in a single-parent household.” (Dowd) Studies have shown that the children of these families are affected dramatically, both negatively and positively. Women head the majority of single- parent families and as a result, children experience many social problems from growing up without a father. Some of these problems include lack of financial support, and various emotional problems by not having a father around, which may contribute to problems later in life. At the same time, children of single-parent homes become more independent because they learn to take care of themselves, and rely on others to do things for them.
If I could identify a gang that is the most dangerous to our society would be the Street Gangs. One of the reasons I believe the street gangs are dangerous because it affects our community and our children. Street Gangs threaten the community and influences girl’s and boy’s young as 12 years old, are involved in the distribution and sale of drugs like marijuana and cocaine (Levinthal, 2012). Street Gangs have gotten involved in human trafficking, which creates violence that unfolds throughout the United States. Often, youth are attracted to gangs because their home environment is unhappy, unstable, or violent and not having the sense of belonging. I have experienced different situation being employed at a youth center. Poverty plays a significant part in gang-affiliated youth see the side of the extended family, money, power and some case the false sense of being wealthy.
“...while self-care may reflect a step toward independence and autonomy for some children, it is often portrayed as a potentially dangerous arrangement for children that parents use as a last resort when they have no options for nonparental supervised care.” (Vandivere.et al, 2003), the paper also explains how “self-care” may negatively affect children in various aspects of their lives “…..social competence, behavior problems, and school performance are examined in relation to self-care…..” Children who are forced to care for themselves in an age in which they should be taken care of would suffer from the lack of supervision and guidance. Working mothers usually leave their children to take care of themselves, which lead the children to completely rely on their own -lacking- ability to solve their problems and sometimes that may lead to delinquency. “Studies show that children who receive adequate parental supervision are less likely to engage in criminal activities.” (World Youth Report 2003, 2004). Mothers are linked to raising and caring for their children, they are expected to be the main source of support for their
Single parent families put many mental effects on children that most often tend to be negative ones. Children that are raised in single-parent families are generally worse off than those children that are living in a home with two parents. The structure of a family contributes to measures of a child’s well-being. The number of children between the ages of 15-17 that are in good health is decreasing, while the number of kids from this age group that are getting pregnant is increasing. It is very common for children living in single parent houses to suffer problems of depression, emotional stress, as well as difficulties in school. These difficulties in schools can lead to students dropping out before they even graduate. Children may face these problems because of them having to quickly adjust from living in a family with two parents to modify in a short time to living in a family with one which might be very challenging for them to become accustom...
Over recent years, more and more children are being raised in single parent homes. The question is, “Can these children raised in single parent homes become productive citizens?” Many say in order to become a successful citizen in life, a child must have both a mother and a father in a home. However, many of today’s top successful people in life do not come from a home with both parents. Being a single parent does not one mean raising a child alone, but also supporting the child needs financially and emotionally. Raising a child properly does not depend on the structure of the home but on the morals and qualities instilled in the child.