There are multiple causes for hyperthyroidism. According to the Merriam Webster website, hyperthyroidism means excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland; also resulting condition marked especially by increased metabolic rate, enlargement of thyroid gland, rapid heart rate and blood pressure. Thyroid gland is a part of the endocrine system and is located right below the Adams apple. The endocrine system is very important to the human body. The function of the endocrine system is to coordinate and integrate cellular activity within the whole body by regulating cellular and organ function throughout life and maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis, or the maintenance of a constant internal environment, is critical to ensuring appropriate cellular function. For example, maintaining body temperature, weight management and heart rate. However, when the homeostasis of the internal environment isn’t maintained, pathologies associated with hyperthyroidism can develop. There are multiple diseases associated with hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, excessive intake of iodine and mulitnodular goiter. The function of the endocrine gland is to secrete hormones in the internal body. For example, thyrotropin-releasing hormone is released by the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland, which releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and binds to TSH receptors on thyroid gland. This leads to the production of triiodothyronine (T3); thyroxine (T4). Certain pathologies increase the production of T3 and T4 leads to hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is also known as overactive thyroid is caused by excessive production of T4 and T3 in the thyroid gland. This will significantly lead to changes in the internal homeostasis causing sudden weight ...
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...(cAMP) cascade of the inositol phosphate pathways.” This alters the normal physiology of the thyroid gland in a way where there is excessive production of the hormones. For example, a person with toxic mulitnodular goiter has symptoms such as fatigue, heat tolerance and increased appetite. These are all symptoms of hyperthyroidism. In normal physiology the thyroid gland produces balanced amount of T3 and T4 to maintain the body’s homeostasis. The role endocrine system in homeostasis is to maintain and regulate various body functions. For example, making and releasing hormones, chemical messengers and growth developments are some of them. These functions are altered when effected by toxic mulitnodular goiter. Due to this disease metabolic rate can slow down and this can cause constipation. Although constipation is very common, this can affect the digestive organs.
Hyperthyroidism develops when the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. (“Hyperthyroidism”, n.d.). The main cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’s disease. According to Porth 2011, “Graves disease is a state of hyperthyroidism, goiter, opthalmopathy or less common dermopathy… Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by thyroid-stimulating antibodies.” (p.789). Some more causes include multi nodular goiter, adenoma of the thyroid and thyroiditis. (Porth, 2011, p.788). Some common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are tachycardia, sweating, increased sensitivity to heat, fatigue, and muscle weakness and enlarged thyroid gland.
While the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are most reliant on one another, all body systems require a functioning circulatory cycle in order to thrive. Blood circulation and consistent transfer of oxygen to cells is required to maintain cell and tissue life. Disturbances to this process will cause cells and tissues to die (Red Cross 48). This state of balance and functioning body systems is referred to as homeostasis, defined as a “condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to constant interaction of body’s many regulatory processes” (Tortura 8). Changes or disruptions to homeostasis are regulated by the Endocrine and Nervous systems of the body. The endocrine system is made up of glands placed throughout the body
Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormones, which leads to a generalized slowing down of metabo...
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that was discovered by Robert Graves in 1835. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland and causes hyperthyroidism. Graves’ disease occurs when the antibodies like thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) attack the thyroid gland as if it were a foreign object or a virus of some sort. This disease is the most common type of hyperthyroidism. Attacking the thyroid gland in such a manner makes it excessively overproduce the hormone thyroxine which controls the body’s metabolic rate. Heightened activity of the thyroid can increase the body’s metabolism by 60% to 100%. (Weeks 34-35).
This is due to the lack of the hormone T3 and T4 being released within their body which ultimately affects your metabolism. Many thyroid patients experience unexpected weight gain so eating a healthy diet filled with good nutrients to keep your body strong are needed. Eating an unhealthy diet will cause even more problems to your health while your whole system is running slower than normal. The number one things that most doctors and dieticians recommend to their patients is to get the thyroid under control because it is very hard to lose weight while having underactive thyroid. Sheila Dean who is the CED of the Palm Harbor Center for Health and Healing in Florida says that “The biggest factors that help with weight loss are calorie- and carbohydrate-controlled meal plans”(Dean, 1). For thyroid patients it is important to limit your calorie and carbohydrates intake because those are the two biggest components to losing weight because of the sugar and extra weight you can put on if you exceed an unhealthy limit. Some key nutrients that should be incorporated in your diet include iodine, Vitamin D, Selenium, Vitamin B12, and Goitrogens all play an important role in healthy
Follicular cells use iodine from your blood to make thyroid hormones that help regulate a persons’ metabolism. If you have too much of these hormones, it is called hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism symptoms include irregular or rapid heartbeat, trouble sleeping, nervousness, weight loss, and constantly feeling too warm.
The balance of the thyroid hormone is complicated and involves the participation of different parts of the body (Kaplustin, 2010).
When diagnosed with hyponatremia treatment usually immediately begins. Treatment must be a restriction of both salt and water (Gheorghita et. al 2010). Hyponatremic patients must receive a slow increase in sodium with a restriction of liquids. Intravenous hypertonic saline solution of 3% NaCl can be administered to patients who have been diagnosed with hyponatremia. There is a precise formula that is used in determining the quantity of NaCl that is used in increasing sodemia and the rate at which it should be administered (Gheorghita et. al 2010).
The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces two main hormones. The hormones are called thuroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Together these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism by increasing energy use in cells, regulate growth and development, help to maintain body temperature and aid in oxygen consumption. These two hormones are regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus senses changes in body’s metabolic rate and releases a hormone known as thyropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hormone then flows through connecting vessels to the pituitary gland which signals it to release another hormone. This hormone is known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then makes its way to the bloodstream until it reaches the thyroid where it is then signaled to activate T3 and T4 production [1]. This mechanism is controlled by a negative feedback loop meaning that when there is a sufficient amount of thyroid hormones in the blood stream, this will signal back to stop production of thyroid stimulating hormones. Complications occur when the thyroid hormones keep increasing even though there is already a sufficient amount of T3 and T4 in the blood stream. This process of over expression of thryroid hormones is known as hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a general term that includes any disease that has a consequence of an overabundance of thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism is a general term but there are many variant diseases that are in the hyperthyroidism category. These diseases include diffuse toxic goiter, Basedow’s disease, thyrotoxicosis, Parry’s and Graves’ disease.
Cygan, R., & Rucker, L. (1983). Thyroid hormone replacement. Western Journal of Medicine, 1(2), 550-554.
What is hypochondriasis? “Hypochondriasis is the excessive worry that you are or may become seriously ill, says Mayo Clinic.” Hypochondriasis is known to be an illness anxiety disorder. Hypochondriasis, when diagnosed to a person, is known as being a hypochondriac. Mayo Clinic also says that “It is not just worrying every so often that something might be wrong with a person, but it’s that the person is constantly worrying about themselves.” It will cause them to think the worst about them being ill and monitor their own body and expect something is wrong with themselves all of the time. (Carolyn Steber) Here are some symptoms, causes and treatments for hypochondriasis.
Each of these treatment options can help men with Low T achieve adequate levels of hormone replacement. Only your doctor can decide if testosterone replacement therapy is right for you.
The endocrine system interacts with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate the activity of body cells. Unlike the nervous system, which sends signals chemically and electrically, the endocrine system sends signals only via chemical stimulants called hormones. These hormones are secreted by the cells into any extracellular fluids, which then travel through the blood to regulate any metabolic activity. Hormones have a diverse and widespread affect like controlling reproduction, growth, development, maintaining nutrient balance in the blood, regulating cellular metabolism and mobilizing the body defenses (Marieb et al 2013). In dealing with growth and development, the thyroid gland is always under consideration. The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body that produces thyroid hormones that consist of two iodine-containing hormones called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyroxine (T3) (Marieb et al 2013). Thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) are a tropic hormone that stimulates normal development and secretory activity of the thyroid gland. Thyrotropin-releasing hormones (TRH) are hypothalmic peptides that trigger the release of TSH from thyrotropic cells to different organs to help maintain the body’s metabolic state (Marieb et al 2013). Thyroid function has been known as a major contributor to the basal metabolic rate (O’Malley et al 2000). According to Longhi and Radetti, body composition and thyroid hormones are two components that are closely related. The hormones are involved in regulation of metabolism and thermogenesis, which plays a key role in lipid and glucose metabolism along with digestion of food and fat oxidation (Longhi et al 2013).
The endocrine system consists of six parts; pancreas hypothalamus, thyroid, pituitary gland, ovary, and adrenal gland. The pancreas is a large gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid. The hypothalamus is a brain structure that acts as a control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature. The thyroid is a large gland in the neck that secretes (produces) hormones regulating growth through the rate of metabolism. The pituitary gland is in the base of the skull that secretes nine hormones that directly regulate many body functions and control the actions of several other endocrine glands. The ovary ( found in females) is a gonad that produces eggs. The adrenal glands are a pair of glands located above the kidneys, which produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. The endocrine system main function is to release hormones that affect activities of other cells.
Among these disorders are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which one is diagnosed for having and underactive thyroid. The probability for women over the age of sixty to develop an underactive thyroid is higher than those of other individuals. If left untreated it can potentially lead to obesity, joint pain, heart disease, and other health complications. On the contrary, hyperthyroidism is a disorder in which a person is diagnosed for having an overactive thyroid. This can cause nervousness and anxiety, hyperactivity, unexplained weight loss, and swelling of the thyroid gland which causes a noticeable lump to form on throat (known as a