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Application of fiber reinforced concrete
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ABSTRACT Concrete is a composite material composed mainly of water, aggregate, and cement. The desired physical properties of the finished material can be achieved by including additives and reinforcements in the mixture. Generally, fibers used in concrete are to control cracks, shrinkage and to reduce permeability. Fibers also show excellent resistance towards impact and abrasion. SIFCON (slurry infiltrated fiber reinforced concrete) is one of the recently developed construction material. It is a special type of fiber reinforced concrete with high fibre content. It is a unique construction material possessing high strength, as well as large ductility and it contains excellent potential for structural applications when accidental or abnormal loads are encountered.
“Ferro cement is a type of thin wall reinforced concrete, commonly
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1. INTRODUCTION In comparison to normal concrete, fiber reinforced concrete scores higher in toughness, and resistance to impact. Fiber reinforcing has added versatility into concrete so as to overcome its brittleness. Fiber is a small piece of reinforcing material possessing certain characteristics properties.
SIFCON is a high-strength, high-performance material containing a relatively high volume percentage of steel fibers as compared to SFRC. It is also sometimes termed as ‘high-volume fibrous concrete’. The origin of SIFCON dates to 1979, Prof.Lankard carried out extensive experiments in his laboratory in Columbus, Ohio, USA and proved that, if the percentage of steel fibers in a cement matrix could be increased substantially, then a material of very high strength could be obtained, which he christened as SIFCON.
“Ferro cement is a type of thin wall reinforced concrete, commonly constructed of hydraulic cement mortar, reinforced with closely spaced layers of continuous and relatively small size wire mesh. The mesh may be made of metallic or other suitable
It has also been discovered that the components of Kevlar fiber, have a radial orientation that is in a crystal. Crystal-like regularity is the largest contributing factor in the strength of Kevlar fiber. PROPERTIES It is five times stronger, yet the same weight as steel. Kevlar Aramid fiber is an improved material, which is an extremely lightweight, man-made organic fiber. Kevlar fiber has a combination of properties, which makes Kevlar a very useful material.
floor, a four-foot base of cement was laid and an iron cage sunk into it.
According to major supplies, “Use of synthetic fibers for reinforcing concrete is continuously, increasing. The increase has been considerable since 1980, but slowed somewhat in 1990, a year of substantial construction cutbacks. Apparently the construction community believes there are advantages in the use of synthetic fibers in concrete.” (Schupack) Synthetic fibers are used to improve crack control in concrete. Some reports say that synthetic fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) would replace welded wire fabric in many slab-on-grade applications. But in reality if the welded wire fabric is placed properly it controls crack width better than the synthetic fiber reinforced concrete. In a case study of the use of synthetic fibers in reinforced concrete, the following conclusions were obtained. No matter what concrete placing job is being done, there is no substitute for good concrete practices. The use of a low fiber volume mix will help control plastic shrinkage cracks and bleeding, but not give good cracking control once the crack forms. The synthetic fibers running through a crack have a poor bond providing no shear friction. Impact and toughness tests on synthetic fiber reinforced concrete imply less edge spalling will occur. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) conducted two studies on polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete, one dealing with plastic shrinkage cracking and the other on permeability characteristics. Plastic shrinkage cracking occurs when the surface water on the concrete evaporates faster than the bleed water reaches the surface of the concrete. It was determined by the plastic shrinking cracking study that polypropylene fibers helped reduce the total plastic shrinkage crack area on test panels. Also determined is that the screeding rate affects the total crack area in polypropylene reinforced concrete, while finishing operations showed no significant effects. This study also suggests the use of longer fibers (about 0.75in.) will produce less crack area. “Permeability plays an important role in long-term durability of concrete materials. Permeability of concrete generally refers to the rate at which particular aggressive substances (water, sulfates, chloride ions, etc.) can flow through the concrete.” (Soroushian) As discussed in the plastic shrinkage study that polypropylene fibers reduce cracking. Less cracking in the concrete surface that surface would be less permeable. In the permeability study, they concentrated on the effects of chloride and the permeability of the concrete. The results of this study concluded polypropylene fibers had little effects on chloride permeability of concrete. The polypropylene fibers only help reduce plastic shrinkage cracks.
2) While many High Performance Concretes exhibits rapid stiffening and early strength gain, other’s may have long set times and low early strengths.
Concrete is one of the world’s most popular construction materials. Some six billion tonnes of concrete is produced each year in the world, making it approximately one ton of concrete for every human being per year (Fardis, 2012, p.116). However, the lifecycle of concrete does not make it the most sustainable building material at the moment. Because of limited natural resources, concerns over green house gases, and landfill problems, concrete production is being cut-back, or at least cannot be increased to keep up with population increase. In this essay, I will look at what makes concrete an unsustainable material and possible solutions to make concrete a more sustainable material.
Concrete and masonry products contain silica sand and rock containing silica. Since these products are primary materials for construction, construction workers may be easily exposed to respirable crystalline silica during activities such as the following:
Now a days HPC is expensive than conventional concrete. It require additional materials in some quantities as to meet specified performance.These additional materials are cement,silica fume,...
Carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) is a composite polymer made up of carbon fibers and a binding polymer. The binding polymer can be a thermoset resin or thermoplastic polymer(s). Examples of thermoplastic polymers that can bind with carbon fiber to make CFRP are polyester, nylon, or vinyl ester. A thermoset resin that can combine with the carbon fiber to make CFRP is epoxy. The combination of the carbon fibers and a thermoset resin or thermoplastic polymer producing CFRP results in a light weight fiber-reinforced plastic that is tremendously strong. Depending on the binding polymer, CFPRs have a wide range of applications and are used when a light weight material with high rigidity and strength are required.
Reinforced concrete is stronger than basic concrete. Steel reinforcing bars known as rebar is incorporated in the concrete structure to act together in resisting the force. The steel reinforcing bars absorbs tensile and compression because plain conc...
Glass fibre reinforced polymers are composed of glass fibres nested in a polymer resin matrix. The glass fibres provide stiffness and tensile strength, whilst the resin matrix binds the material together, provides compressive strength and transfers the loads to the fibres. The final product is impermeable, corrosion resistant and weather resistant which makes it suitable for long-term use in external conditions. Its specific strength is high, typically exceeding that of both ...
It is a versatile modern industrial material made of Silica in the form of numerous extremely fine filaments. These fibers might be finer than human hair many times and seem in appearance and feel as silk. It is a light weight material and very strong with favorable bulk strength compared with metals and it can be easily formed by means of molding processes. GF is the most prevail fiber reinforcement that used in construction and among the most adaptable industrial materials. They exhibit different useful properties such as transparency, hardness, resistance to chemical attack, inertness, and stability, as well as desirable fiber properties such as strength, stiffness, and flexibility.
Mortars consist of finely ground refractory materials which are then mixed with water to form a paste. They are used for laying and bonding shaped refractory products such as bricks. They are normally applied by trowelling [2]. The term Mortar is used to indicate a paste prepared by adding required quantity of water to a mixture of binding material like cement or lime and fine aggregates like sand. The above two components of mortar, namely, the binding material and fine aggregate are sometimes referred to as the matrix and adulterant respectively. The matrix binds the particles of the adulterant and as such, the durability, quality and strength of mortar will mainly depend on the quality and quantity of the matrix. The combined effect of the two components of mortar is that the mass is able to bind the bricks or stones firmly [1-2].
The usage of concrete was explored by the Early Christian and Roman architects but fell out of use throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance period. The material was only fully explored again in the later half of the 19th century but only for mundane purposes where the material was cheap, easy to work with, and versatile, but most importantly it’s fireproof characteristic. In 1870, the idea of reinforcing the concrete was born; steel rods were to be inserted to increase its strength. Taking this principle, Ernest Ransome (America) and Francois Hennebique (France) both developed frame systems. From this, open plan workspaces with large windows were created and it was proved to be well accommodated where fire had previously been a danger. Hennebique’s system used slim vertical posts, thin parallel beams on brackets and floor slabs; this resulted somewhat like a timber frame. Concrete was one of the most flexible materials and one with a least determining form. Concrete relied on its mould and the intelligence of its designer to give it aesthetic qualities for one to appreciate it. This became much more obvious when the architects of the last 19th century attempted to discover a style based on this material.
Sustainable concrete materials and sustainable steel reinforcement have been introduced to civil engineers to get closer to the sustainable development. Sustainable buildings constructed with use of these materials have shown an increased service life and the final cost has been reduced due to them.
Concrete : The word concrete comes from the latin word “concretus” (Meaning compact or condense) . Concrete is made by mixing (Cement, Water, Course and fine aggregate, admixture as required)