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Asthma literature review
Asthma literature review
The effects of asthma on children
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Asthma: Improvement management
Martine Calice
Ms. Sierra Pilar
NUR 2235
May 12, 2014
Asthma is a disease of the respiratory system. It causes swelling and narrowing of the air tubes inside the lungs. When this happens there can be coughing, a whistling sound when you breathe (wheezing), chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. The narrowing comes from swelling and muscles spasms of the air tubes. It is a common illness of childhood. Knowing more about the illness can help patient handle it better. It cannot be cured, but medicine can help control it.
Asthma often triggered by allergies, viral lung infections, or irritants in the air. Allergic reactions can cause wheezing immediately when exposed to allergens or many hours later. Common triggers for asthma include: Exercise, infection, usually viral pollution, cigarettes smoke, paint fumes.
“ An estimated 5.2 million people in the UK have asthma, making its prevalence one of the highest of any country in the world; on average asthma affects people in one of five UK households and is responsible for one hospital admission every 7.5 minutes (Asthma UK 2011)”. Clancy (p. 34). Prevelence of asthma in older adults aged 65 or older is estimated to be 6-10% in the developed world.
Children living in urban areas and from low-income families, older adults and obesity patients are considered to be at risks population. “ Older people may have developed asthma in childhood, adolescence or adulthood. The risk factors for developing asthma in adulthood include genetic susceptibility, hormonal changes in some women, exposure to indoor and outdoor pollutants, occupational exposures, excess body weight, rhinitis, medications such as beta blockers, and viral and bacterial infection...
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...their asthma more effectively attain physical and mental wellbeing, and lead to fewer hospitalization and fatal episode in this group. “ Self management has been defined as the successful outcome of the person and all appropriate individuals and services working together to support them to deal with the very real implications of living the rest of their life with one or more long-term condition”. (p .56)
REFERENCES
Carnegie, E., & Jones, A. (2013). Improving the management of asthma in older adults. Nursing Standard, 28 (13), 50-58.
Clancy, J., & Blake, D. (2013). Pathophysiology and pharmacological management of asthma from nature-nurture perspective. Primary Health Care, 23 (7), 34-41
Juel, C., & Ulrick, C (2013). Obesity and Asthma: Impact on Severity, Asthma Control, and Response to Therapy. Respiratory Care, 58(5), 867-873.
Asthma and mental health are two quite significant parts of the health of people. There are two effects of asthma today, including feeling anxious and endangering people’s lives. Furthermore, economic productivity problems, physical and social well-being issues, and low individual quality of life are also three effects of mental health. People getting to know the effects of asthma and mental health are helping to solve the problems. First of all, people may feel anxious when they suddenly have an asthma attack.
The three measurable outcome of asthma management includes improved quality of life, decreased use of resources, and increased patient and family satisfaction. Regardless of the practice settings case managers help to increase access to health care service, reduces health care cost, improved outcomes of the care delivered and over all improve the quality of care (Powell). The categories of outcome indicators are
In conclusion there are holistic elements that can be used to help with the condition along with medical and preventative treatments asthma is a genetic incurable ongoing illness on the human lungs and even though it is reactive to environmental factors that causes inflammation that results in an asthmatic reaction.
Basile, Maria. "Asthma." The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders. 2nd ed. 2005. Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 9 Feb. 2011.
Allergies are the one of the main leading causes of asthma. About 90% of children under the age of ten that are infected with asthma have allergies. Around 70% of people under the age of thirty have asthma and 50% of those over thirty. Allergies is likely to be a helping factor to asthma if:
Imagine a young child competing with his or her fellow classmates during recess and immediately losing the ability to breathe normally. He or she stops in the middle of the competition and falls to the ground while holding his or her chest trying to find air. When you are young, being able to keep up with your peers during recess and sporting events is very important, however, having asthma restricts this. Asthma has a significant impact on childhood development and the diagnosis of asthma for children 18 years and younger has dramatically increased over the years. Asthma is known as a “chronic inflammation of the small and large airways” with “evident bronchial hyper-responsiveness, airflow obstruction, and in some patients, sub-basement fibrosis and over-secretion of mucus” (Toole, 2013). The constant recreation of the lung walls can even occur in young children and “lead to permanent lung damages and reduced lung function” (Toole, 2013). While one of the factors is genetics, many of the following can be prevented or managed. Obesity, exposure to secondhand smoke, and hospitalization with pneumonia in the early years of life have all been suggested to increase children’s risk of developing asthma.
Tan, R. A., & Spector, S. L. (1998). Exercise-induced asthma. Sports Medicine, 25 (1), 1-6.
Rance, K. Laughlen, M. (April, 2011). Obesity and asthma: A dangerous link in children. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. Volume 7, Issues 4, p. 287-292. Retrieved 12/12/2013, from http://www.npjournal.org/article/S1555-4155(10)00358-2/fulltext
Li, James T., ed. Pharmacotherapy of Asthma. Vol. 212. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2006. Print.
Asthma is a result of chronic inflammation of those airways and tubes that supply air to the lungs. It may be cause due to
Asthma is chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurring episodes of wheeling and breathlessness. It often exists with allergies and can be worsened through exposure to allergens. In fact, asthma is complicated syndromes that have neither single definition nor complete explanation to the point. In light of its treatment, it is worthwhile to notice that asthma cannot be cured, instead can be only managed by avoiding exposure to allergens and/or by using medications regularly.
More than 17 million Americans suffer from asthma, with nearly 5 million cases occurring in children under age 18. In the United States, asthma causes nearly 5,500 deaths each year. Asthma occurs in males and females of all ages, ethnic groups, and socioeconomic levels. For reasons not completely understood, asthma is generally more common in poor urban neighborhoods, in cold climates, and in industrialized countries.
An asthma attack has many effects on the body. Asthma affects the body by limiting the flow of air into the lungs. It causes airway inflammation, bronchial restriction and irregular airway obstruction. Airway inflammation is how the body reacts to something that is irritating the airways. When happening your lungs begin swelling, your breathing passageway becomes restricted and mucus is secreted. Bronchial restriction happens when the muscles in your airways tighten around the breathing tubes in your lungs. (Bronchial tubes). Mucus or fluid that is accumulated by the reaction can obstruct your airway and make it very difficult to breathe properly.
Most of you may not think of asthma as a killer disease, yet more that 5,000 Americans die of asthma each year. According to the Mayo Clinic web page, asthma also accounts for more that 400,000 hospital discharges annually. As the number of people with asthma increases, the more likely you are to come in contact with a person who has the disease. As far as I can remember, I have had asthma my whole life. My mother and one of my sisters also have asthma, so I have a first hand experience with it. This morning, I will discuss some interesting facts about asthma, I will specifically focus on what it is, warning signs, symptoms, causes, and the treatments that are used.
Asthma is a disease that currently has no cure and can only be controlled and managed through different treatment methods. If asthma is treated well it can prevent the flare up of symptoms such as coughing, diminish the dependence on quick relief medication, and help to minimize asthma attacks. One of the key factors to successful treatment of asthma is the creation of an asthma action plan with the help of a doctor that outlines medications and other tasks to help control the patient’s asthma ("How Is Asthma Treated and Controlled?"). The amount of treatment changes based on the severity of the asthma when it is first diagnosed and may be the dosage may be increased or decreased depending on how under control the patient’s asthma is. One of the main ways that asthma can be controlled is by becoming aware of the things that trigger attacks. For instance staying away from allergens such as pollen, animal fur, and air pollution can help minimize and manage the symptoms associated with asthma. Also if it is not possible to avoid the allergens that cause a patient’s asthma to flare up, they may need to see an allergist. These health professionals can help diagnosis what may need to be done in other forms of treatment such as allergy shots that can help decrease the severity of the asthma ("How Is Asthma Treated and Controlled?").