Most people have heard of antimatter before but don’t know what it is or means. Antimatter is used in particle physics and consists of antiparticles. These antiparticles have the same mass as regular particles but they have an opposite charge from other particles as well as other differences in particle properties. Antimatter can be created in particle accelerators and also can be produced naturally. It is created naturally when radioactive isotopes decay. When antimatter is created it could potentially be used for medical purposes, fuel, and weapons.
My understanding of antimatter is that it is a match to the particle of regular matter except for it has positively charged electrons and negatively charged protons unlike regular matter. These are called antielectron, or also known as the positron. There are also antiprotons. A proton is the combination of quarks. A quark is a subatomic particle that has a fraction of an electric charge, they are building blocks. A proton has two up quarks and one down quark. An up quark has an electric charge of +2/3, and the down quark has an electric charge of -1/3. This means the proton has a charge of +1 (2/3 + 2/3 - 1/3). An antiproton is the combination of 2 antiup quarks, each having an electric charge of -2/3, and 1 antidown quark having a +1/3 charge. This combination would give the antiproton a charge of -1 (- 2/3 - 2/3 + 1/3) exactly the opposite of the proton. Since there are antielectrons, and antiprotons then of course there are antineutrons. A neutron is made up of 2 down quarks and 1 up quark, which is why it doesn’t have an electric charge (- 1/3 - 1/3 + 2/3 = 0). An antineutron would then have 2 antidown quarks and 1 antiup quark, again, having no net electric charge (+ 1/3 + 1/...
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...ng the spray of particles from the collision, so only 10% to 30% of antiprotons created can be captured. Of these antiprotons that are created only about only 1% can be collected into a steady antiproton beam which can then be cooled enough to start thinking about storing the antiprotons. This makes the mass production of antimatter very unrealistic. So until better technology is made to create antimatter more efficiently most uses of it is not possible. Despite the problem of making antimatter it is still used today. One example is when it is used for high energy physics experiments. It is also used in the medical field. Antielectrons are used in PET, positron emission tomography, scanners; and antiprotons are also used similarly in APR, antiproton radiography, devices. Antimatter might also be used one day to remove tumors or for other similar medical procedures.
Alcoholism is as prevalent in my family, as blood is in our veins. When previously asked to observe 12-step groups, I ritualistically flocked to Alcoholics Anonymous, without consideration of the possibility that other groups had any potential to make an impact on me. I always pride myself in my ability to identify as an individual that is not ensnared in alcoholism, but unfortunately am an individual that was highly tormented by alcoholism. Through observation of the group and how it processed, as well as identifying how I felt as a new attendee, I was able to understand why self-help, support groups are so vital for individuals in recovery. I finally realized, I too am in recovery.
Plutonium, which is a byproduct of the fission process, can also be used for manufacturing weapons and only requires 2-10kg to develop weapons. The atom bomb that landed in Nagasaki contained plutonium fuel. Depleted uranium, which is the left over from the enrichment process, is used to make military grade armor piercing bullets. These DU penetrators have been used in wars throughout history, the most recent being the Gulf wars. This is a disadvantage because the depleted uranium is toxic and has been scientifically proven to cause birth defects, cancer, and death where it was used.
Similar examples can be found in physics. Prior to the Michelson-Morley Experiment of 1887, which showed the constant speed of light, the experiments of FitzGerald and Lorentz, which explained the constant speed of light as the contraction of bodies and slowing of clocks, and the subsequent conclusion by Einstein that electromagnetic waves do not require a medium, scientists felt that light required a medium, and thus one was invented-ether (Hawking). These experiments demonstrate yet another aspect of a personal point of view in the pursuit of knowledge; the fact that despite the assumptions a personal point of view brings into a study, such as FitzGerald’s and Lorentz’s assumption that ether did, in fact, exist, knowledge can still be gained from such a study. Despite their assumption, they contributed, through their experiments, the knowledge that light does travel at a set speed. Thus, even when associated with false assumptions brought into an experiment, personal points of view are not always negative.
The play, Antigonick, gives an ancient Greek tragedy a twist of modernity. This modernity throughout the play allows the audience to get a sense of the most pressing issue that Antigonick attempts to bring up in the mind of the audience. To me, the play of Antigonick addresses the modern day issues surrounding the political sphere in the United States. The political overtones throughout the play directly symbolize the struggle between President Trump and women. Antigone, the ill-fated heroine throughout the play, represents women’s struggle in the political sphere. Currently, women are fighting for equal rights, such as equal pay and right to birth control. This directly relates to Antigone’s fight for what she believes is right, which is to
Radiation has always been in everyday life even before Roentgen discovered x-ray. The mountains give off natural radiation, other forms of radiation are coal burning power plants, x-rays from a TV, and an airplane ride. The average dose from background radiation is about 360 mrem every year. There are two types of radiation, nonionizing and ionizing radiation. Examples of nonionizing radiation are microwaves and radio waves broadcasting. Ionizing radiation refers to gamma and x-rays. Ionizing radiation means that the rays are able to remove an electron from the atom then ions can be formed. The ions can cause damage when reacting with other atoms. Cells are able to be repaired if low dose are received. However, if cells get a high dose, the cells will be damaged or possibly die. If the cell is damaged permanently then it is referred to as a mutated cell.
Antimatter rockets were proposed in the early 1950s by a German scientist, Eugen Sanger. This rocket would have a speed of about 3×〖10〗^7 m/s . It would produce “energetic gamma rays” which causes to travel about the speed of light (Mallove, 49).
The biological effects of radiation play a key role in today’s society and it is something that all species have to deal with on a day-to-day basis. Throughout time, this field of study has grown and has become one of the most prominent fields of science. Radiation is something that we as a human race will never be able to escape. It is naturally present and has been since planet Earth was formed. In the mid 19th Century, there were two famous scientists that are known for their exquisite contributions to the study of radioactivity. Pierre and Marie Curie were a husband-wife duo that both studied at the Sorbonne. While at Sorbonne, they studied the properties of thorium and uranium and soon stumbled upon and discovered the element polonium. Pierre then decided to study magnetism at high temperatures. Marie proceeded to study in both chemistry and physics and received Nobel Awards in both fields. She is the only person in history to do this. The “curie” is a unit of measure that scientists use to this day in radiation studies. These two were not...
The Periodic Table is based around the Atomic Theory. Firstly people believed that everything was made up the four elements Earth, Fire, Wind, and Water. This theory evolved into everything being made up of atoms. Breakthroughs throughout history such as the discoveries of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons have pushed this theory forward to where it is today.
In order for neutrinos to be a significant contribution to dark matter they need to have mass. Neutrinos as they are currently understood have zero mass or mass so close to zero that it cannot be distinguished from zero (karagiorgi, et al., 2007), however, there is currently no reason for neutrinos to have zero mass and by studying neutrino oscillations (when neutrinos undergo transitions from one flavour to another) it is possible to infer a mass, as the rate at which they ...
Radiation is a frightening concept. It has lead to many an untimely death in the past 70 years, ranging from victims of atomic bombs in Japan to physiologists experimenting without taking proper safety precautions. The most dangerous form of radiation can be devastating to the body, weakening or eliminating the immune system and tearing the very DNA in one’s cells apart. This form is referred to as ionizing radiation, and even the least harmful potencies - such as x-rays and UV light - can increase the risk of cancer and other health problems. It has enough energy to knock electrons out of atoms in a process called ionization.
Science in the ancient world was a complex concept. There was a varied, and at times mixed, emphasis on the mythical, or theoretical, and practical components of science, depending upon where the “science” was practised. Theoretical science, as described by Peter Dear, is abstracted practice, while practical science is applied theory. Whilst, the ancient Greeks generally placed more emphasis on theory, the ancient Egyptians generally took knowledge and applied it in a practical manner.
Many sociologists come to a disagreement and different approaches to the Sociological concept of positivism and antipositivism. Positivism is the scientific study of social patterns. This pertains to the use of scientific methods to get a more clear understanding of the natural world. Auguste Comte was the founder of this concept. Comte believed the way that society interacts with individuals using positivism would usher in a new “positivist” age of history. Comte concept of positivism is still relevant today. Since then positivism has been expanded and became the foundation for quantitative sociology. Quantitative sociology is the use of empirical evidence to gain an understanding of human patterns and behavior.
The periodic table, used worldwide by scientists, teachers and students, for quick location of information about elements. The periodic table did not come by overnight though, the periodic table is a table formed from years of work, on the atomic structure. It all started years back with Democritus and his discovery of the atom. This was followed up by John Dalton many years down the track, after elements had been discovered Dalton attempted to create a way to make the elements easier to remember. 84 years later, JJ Thomson discovered electrons, which were key to the periodic table, and in 1889, Dmitri Mendeleev invented the periodic table. Years later Henry Moseley worked out how to measure atomic numbers of elements, and just 9 years after Neil Bohr explained the structure of the atom which further explained why Mendeleev had placed each element in a specific row or column. Finally James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1922.
Ernest Rutherford is considered the father of nuclear physics. Indeed, it could be said that Rutherford invented the very language to describe the theoretical concepts of the atom and the phenomenon of radioactivity. Particles named and characterized by him include the alpha particle, beta particle and proton.
The creation of the world and the entire universe is a matter that scientist are still studying to this day. There are so many unanswered questions that beginning to answer them is to try to empty the ocean using only a bucket. Even in ancient times many cultures pondered over the creation of the universe. The origin of the universe is still uncertain, but given creation tales of the Pima, Iroquois, and Christians, one could conclude that there is a Supreme Being that created the universe.