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La caricatura política
En sus inicios, la palabra caricatura surgió para designar el arte de resaltar los rasgos físicos (principalmente del rostro) de ciertos personajes, en ese sentido, se caracterizaba por su estilo recurrente de representar a los actores con cabezas enormes y dejar de lado (en un segundo plano) el resto del cuerpo. Posteriormente, se le da importancia a las extremidades, puesto que se comprendió que lo kinésico y proxémico aportan significado a la imagen; así, por ejemplo, la ropa es un factor importante para representar aspectos relacionados con la cultura. Acto seguido, la caricatura comenzó a incursionar en el ámbito de la política, dejando en un segundo plano el interés por mostrar las desfiguraciones faciales, para impregnarse de un tinte político y mordaz con miras a criticar aspectos socio-políticos.
En efecto, este último aspecto mencionado es lo que interesa en este trabajo. Puesto que, como ya se había mencionado, la caricatura política es de suma importancia dentro de la sociedad colombiana, ya que se constituye como ‘una herramienta’ por medio de la cual se puede criticar el sistema socio-político del país, sus dirigentes y las acciones políticas que afectan (positiva o negativamente) a la población. En ese orden de ideas, Acevedo (2009) afirma que:
La caricatura política busca un objetivo distinto: mofar, ironizar, fastidiar, burlarse, ridiculizar, decir las cosas a la inversa, distorsionar el sentido original, agredir, construir opinión y destruir simbólicamente al oponente. En la caricatura política en general, alguien o algo sale dañado en su imagen (…) (p. 35)
Al criticar el sistema socio-político actual del país, la caricatura (re)construye una imagen (en la mayoría de los...
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...ambién el pensamiento y la acción. Nuestro sistema conceptual ordinario, en términos del cual pensamos y actuamos, es fundamentalmente de naturaleza metafórica”. (p. 39).
Entendida así la metáfora, el análisis pareciera que solo se quedara en lo verbal, en lo ‘monomodal’, por lo que se hace necesario recurrir al concepto de metáfora multimodal, la cual es definida por Pardo (2012:43) como “expresiones que se construyen a partir de la presencia de uno o más modos en el dominio de origen, y que en el dominio de llegada son representadas predominantemente en modos sígnicos diferentes y en coexistencia, para producir significado”. En ese sentido, la metáfora se materializa dentro de la caricatura no solo en lo verbal, sino en la correlación de varios sistemas sígnicos (o modos semióticos) que dotan de significado a las representaciones que se dan en la caricatura.
Valle’s most significant contribution to the Spanish theatre is his invention of the literary style of esperpento, which is best represented in one of his most famous plays, Luces de Bohemia. Valle created esperpento with the aim of representing the harsh realities of Spanish twentieth century society through the concave lens of grotesque deformation, so that he could present the lives of the Spaniards in the light of mockery and absurdity. During his writing of Luces de Bohemia, the Spanish society has been brought to a halt, along with the lack of political progress and social improvement, therefore this concerning political situation has influenced and steered Valle towards his literary evolution, the exaggerated grotesque, which he though was the only suitable way to represent the shocking reality and problems of Spain. In this way, he could alarm the people to terminate their complacent acceptance of this reality and he could also produce a distancing effect which renders the reader immune to the play’s purpose, thus making the artistic experience more tolerable. His experience in the killing fields was what made him t...
In this letter, Eugenio Maria de Hostos explained how he felt about people knowing they are not right plus don’t accept others with abuse of the right. Moreover, he also showed a lot of anger because the government from Puerto Rico didn’t have any representative in the Cortes. Eugenio Maria de Hostos, made emphasis that the only one to attend to the Constitutional Assembly were those executives officers of the revolution that had taken to insure that only Peninsulas who support the regime were eligible to come. In this last paragraph Eugenio Maria de Hostos, showed unhappiness when he said that they are totally able to withdraw themselves from public life. Even he said that they don’t need to have any relationships with those that for three
...stas y liberales, que alentaron un cierto renacimiento literario del gallego , sobre todo de carácter político , con piezas en verso y diálogos o discursos en prosa , que son de interés hoy en día desde el punto de vista de la historia de la lengua y la sociedad de la región. Sin embargo , el verdadero renacimiento no llegó hasta la mitad del camino a través del siglo 19 , sobre todo a través de la poesía. Se convirtió en la lengua cooficial de Galicia en 1981, pero también se habla en las zonas de Asturias y Castilla- León. Hoy casi dos millones de personas hablan gallego, aunque debido a su similitud con el castellano y las múltiples interferencias derivadas de un bilingüismo prácticamente universales , por lo que es muy difícil hacer un cálculo exacto . A esta cifra hay que añadir las comunidades gallegas que viven en países de América Latina que lo utilizan.
Throughout the history of Latin American countries, like Peru there has been dramatic change in the overall way of life. These changes are largely due to external influences on the international level such as the Spanish conquest of Andean territories. However no matter whether the process of change was political, economic, social or cultural, they all have similarities and are interconnected. These different types of change are closely intertwined and influence one another while linking the local level of life with foreign (on an (inter)national level) events and forces. Also along with these changes, some aspects of indigenous life remain stable and continue throughout these external influences. In this essay I will discuss continuity and change with regard to some specific institutions or practice prominent in village life. Then I will explain how change and continuity are related to the widespread decline of quality of life and mestizaje in most indigenous communities.
The documentary, South of the Border, informs its viewers about the conflict between South American leaders and the institutions of the United States, mainly the government and media. The events shown and narrated through the film may be interpreted with the use of sociological theories, which is the main purpose of this film analysis. This paper aims to explain the causes of the realities presented through concepts and theories from the field of Sociology.
This fiction symbolizes one of Marquez’s perfect examples of the magical elements that can highlight the disenchanted reality of the people, the critique of politicians, and to demonstrate that anyone is capable of changing. Since it is predictable that the best show for the audience, it is the one that makes anyone believe that their lives will be better if one is reelected.
Since its release in 2000, the movie la comunidad has been very controversial. Some critics have said that this movie is a critical take on the globalization and the changes that the Spanish Society has undergone; whereas others said the opposite. When examined deeply, it can be seen that la comunidad is critical of both globalization and socialism. Therefore, I believe, this movie was a great example of the representation of the clash between the ideologies that Spain had during its socialist era and the ideologies that Spain had under the influence of globalization with the makers favoring the latter.
...contrastes. A pesar de que presentan una diferencia de casi sesenta años respecto de sus fechas de publicación, los temas centrales que abordan son prácticamente los mismos: la representación de la pobreza y marginación de los sectores urbanos capitalinos, las luchas por la preservación de las comunidades del Caño, la división de clases y espacios, el anhelo por tener una mejor calidad de vida, la resistencia al sistema capitalista, entre otros. El poema de Julia de Burgos muestra un espacio olvidado por la Historia y la literatura, con el propósito de indagar sobre el mundo social y realizar una crítica a los sistemas que lo oprimen. Más aún, se adentra a una problemática que hoy todavía existe, por tanto, su poema mantiene la misma vigencia y pertinencia que tenía cuando fue escrito. Y aquí radica la importancia, no solo de dicho poema, sino de su obra en general.
...mica en la que vivimos actualmente como país, por lo cual considero que no es culpa de un solo presidente, ya sea del sexenio presente, del pasado o del antepasado, creo que el problema viene de más atrás y sobre todo que la sociedad influye mucho en cualquiera que sea la situación que se presente.
Much G. L., 2004, Democratic Politics in Latin America: New Debates and Research Frontiers, Annual Reviews
El proyecto gira en torno a explicar los conceptos sobre el tema elegido, los cambios sociales más importantes y las consideraciones sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud realizando una identificación a cerca de los factores que determinan esta situación. Seguidamente se detalla unas propuestas de mejora en cuanto a la puesta en marcha del proyecto, realizando una descripción de dicha propuesta por lo que plantean 14 sesiones como ejemplo para el Punto de encuentro y comedor.
Lo anterior indica que nuestro país ha contando desde tiempos inmemorables con una gran variedad y riqueza cultural, pero que, desafortunadamente, ha pasado desapercibida. Ad...
Se comenzó a hablar de mimesis en la república de Platón, concepto que sería tomado posteriormente por Aristóteles en la poética.
Within past decades media has become a powerful complex mechanism, which is one of the dominant parts of a rising promotional culture. Its influence has become noticeable all over the globe. This mechanism can affect almost every single human decision at conscious and/or unconscious level, and it does not matter whether it concerns cultural, social, economic or political areas. It is believed, that ‘the media's the most powerful entity on earth. <...> Because they control the minds of the masses.‘ (Keeble,2010:99) However, this writing will concentrate on the analysis of only one specific area, i.e. politics, and its interaction within the media. The topic of this essay is politics, its connection and cooperation with the media in a contemporary capitalist Western world. This writing will define to what degree politics is mediatized and how ‘institutional politics has been affected by promotional needs.’ (Davis,2013:11) Therefore, it will be examined how media and politics work together, and what impact has a rise of promotional culture, which according to Aeron Davis, ‘directs media and public attention to public figures.’ (Davis,2013:202) In order to give a complete picture, the concepts of ‘promotional culture’ and ‘mediatization’ will be explained, and the liaison between media and politics will be defined. It will be questioned if media and politics affect one another, or whether politicians manage media, or maybe media controls politics in the promotional contemporary culture. Consequently, three major aspects proving that politics is fully mediatized, an example of Lithuanian well-known celebrity, and the government election of 2008 will be given and investigated. To make th...
The study of politics is an essential part of our everyday experience and can be simply defined as a universal activity, although there is no universal consensus regarding such definition. Indeed, there are many interpretations of what politics actually is, and with disagreement come dispute. Of these interpretations, there are four main collectives: politics as the art of government, which is the traditional viewpoint; politics as public affairs which interprets politics being associated with public life (which itself is hard to define) and focuses on the state institutions; politics as compromise and consensus, where importance significantly gravitates to the way in which decisions are made; and finally politics as power, and power as the