study may show only increased blood flow to the adjacent epididymis and testis and possibly a reactive hydrocele, resulting in the misdiagnosis of acute epididymitis or epididymoorchitis.
Torsion of the appendage is a self-limited condition that responds best to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and comfort measures such as limited activity and a warm compress. As the appendage infarcts and necroses, the pain resolves. Such torsion can recur because five appendages potentially may experience torsion
(appendix testis, appendix epididymis, paradidymisorgan of Giraldes, superior and inferior vas aberrans of
Haller). Surgical intervention is indicated when the diagnosis of testicular torsion cannot be eliminated or when the symptoms are
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4).
Classic bacterial epididymitis generally has a slow onset and is characterized by scrotal pain and swelling that worsens over days rather than hours. Usually, there is no nausea or vomiting. Bacteria are believed to reach the epididymis in retrograde fashion via the ejaculatory ducts and can be associated with a urinary tract infection or urethritis. A positive result from urinalysis and culture, or urethral swab in sexually active adolescents, suggests the diagnosis. Chlamydia and gonococci are described as the classic causative agents in the sexually active individual; common urinary pathogens, however, including coliforms and Mycoplasma sp, are more probable in younger children. When studies suggest a bacterial infection, antibiotics are indicated. Just as for any urinary tract infection in a boy, radiographic imaging, including renal and bladder ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography, should be obtained after the infection has resolved.
Anatomic abnormalities such as ectopic ureter to the vas, ejaculatory duct, or seminal vesical; ejaculatory duct obstruction; or urethral valves are uncommon but should
be
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Treatment of affected children via a timed voiding regimen, dietary modification, aggressive management of constipation, and sometimes anticholinergic or alpha-antagonist medication is effective. Henoch-Scho¨nlein purpura is a vasculitic syndrome that can affect the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary system. Pain, erythema, and swelling of the scrotum and spermatic cord occur in up to one third of patients. The swelling seems to occur more commonly in boys younger than 7 years of age. Scrotal findings and onset of pain may mimic testicular torsion, but Doppler ultrasonography reveals good blood flow to the testes.
The history may document other systemic symptoms such as purpura of the skin, joint pain, and hematuria.
Figure 4. Intraoperative example of torsed appendage of testicle (white arrow) with two other nontorsed appendages held in forceps. genital system acute testicular disorders
Pediatrics in Review Vol.29 No.7 July 2008 239
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Symptoms for urethritis are mild including frequency of urination and pyuria (presence of white blob cells in the urine). Cystitis (bladder infection) symptoms are easier to distinguish and include back pain, concentrated appearance, urgency, hematuria (presence of red blood cells in the urine), a...
Cryptorchidism or undescended testis (UDT) is the most common genital disorder identified at birth. The main reasons for treatment of cryptorchidism include increased risks of impairment of fertility potential, testicular malignancy, torsion and/or associated inguinal hernia [1]. Approximately 1% of males have undescended testes, 80% of them are clinically palpable and 20% are non-palpable. The term ‘nonpalpable testes’ implies that they cannot be detected on physical examination; they are either intra-abdominal, absent, vanishing or atrophic [2]. Preoperative detection and location of testicles can help to determine the optimal type of procedure and allow for appropriate future planning. In the case of vanishing or absent
Those suffering from this condition can also practice good hygiene, during urination the head of the penis is rinsed over. Urine is not sterile but it can help these individuals maintain a clean penis. If a sufferer develops complications from this disorder they can seek medical attention which results in part of the foreskin removed so that it becomes retractable. Trying to prevent a problem before it occurs can be helpful in some cases but cases such as this one it is
ADA-SCID, or bubble boy disease (“Gene Therapy for”), is a genetic hereditary disorder that affects one’s immune system (“Adenosine Deaminase”). The affected are deprived of basic immunity against viruses, fungi, bacteria and are also susceptible to serious infections that people with a normal functioning immune system do not get. Most victims of this disease are diagnosed in the first half of their lives and if not given proper treatment, the child will most probably not live more than 2 years (“Adenosine Deaminase”). The major symptoms of ADA-SCID are chronic diarrhea, rashes, setback development, pneumonia (“Adenosine Deaminase”), skin infections, respiratory system infections and digestive system infections (“Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)”). ADA is caused by the mutations seen in the ADA gene (“Adenosine Deaminase”), located on the 20th chromosome (“Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)”), which is in charge of creating the enzymes adenosine deaminase (or ADA) that is mostly operating in special white blood cells called lymphocytes.
Since male circumcision is a surgery there are certain risks involved. There is a 2-10% occurrence rate of key complications that involve hemorrhage, sepsis, fistula, meatal stenosis, removal of excessive skin and penile loss (5:2239), of which parents should be made aware.
Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the male’s testicles first then spreads to other parts of the body. It most commonly spreads to the lymph nodes after it spreads throughout the testicles. Testicles are part of the male’s reproductive system that makes testosterone, the male hormone, and sperm. It is treatable and can usually be cured. The signs of testicular cancer are lumps, swelling, and pain in your testicles. You can check for these lumps yourself, but it is better and more important to check with your doctor for lumps annually. Testicular cancer isn’t caused by much, but there are some risks.
Patient A: We have in this case a male patient of age 25 that complains of a constant need to urinate yet excretes only small amounts associated with discomfort. At the time of the urine sample test, he suffers from a mild fever. He has a relatively moderate amount of red and white blood cells in his urine and presently shows no external evidence of urethral discharge. The test results for patient A were as follow; Urine was cloudy light yellow with no poignant smell and pH tested to be 6. The urine failed the glucose, protein, bilirubin and ketone test. There’s presence of yeast and nitrite, but no blood was visible in the urine sample. From the results, it can be deducted that the patient might be suffering from a Urinary Tract Infection
In addition to affecting the gastrointestinal tract empacho can also involve the pelvic region of the body. When it affects the pelvic area it can result in problems such as vaginitis8. This occurs when there, “Is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching and pain. ”12 Symptoms of vaginitis consist of, but are not limited to, pain during urination, discolored vaginal discharge, and intense vaginal itching.
Proteus syndrome is a rare condition characterized by overgrowth of the bones, skin, and other tissues. Organs and tissues affected by the disease grow out of proportion to the rest of the body. Proteus syndrome results from a mutation in the AKT1 gene. The AKT1 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 14 at position 32.32. More precisely, the AKT1 gene is located from base pair 104,769,349 to base pair 104,795,743 on chromosome 14.
Appendicitis is swelling of the appendix, a worm looking sack that goes from the tube that takes wastes out of your body on the lower right side of your stomach.
Genitourinary system: He doesn’t have pain during urinating and no increase of passing urine and he doesn’t need to get up in the middle of the night to pass urine. There is no blood in the urine.
What is the importance of learning medical language and terminology as a healthcare professional? Their are many different reasons why learning medical terminology is important. However, I believe the one that stands out the most is communication. To prosper in the medical field you have to be able to understand doctors and communicate with co workers. If a surgeon doesn't know or have a clear understanding of how to perform the procedure the doctor asks him to perform things could get worse a lot quicker than expected. Another reason learning med term is important is time. Someone who work's in the ER doesn't have much time to waste so knowing the med term information is a lot easier versus having to go look up what word's mean or trying to
Bacterial bladder infections may occur in women as a result of sexual intercourse. But even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to lower urinary tracts infections because the female genital area often harbors bacteria that can cause cystitis.