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The topic of endocrine disruption, and the potential consequences for human health, is a popular area of investigation for many scientific researchers. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that have the capability of modifying hormone signaling while possibly effecting the development of both the nervous and reproductive systems, as well as enabling the development of cancer (Site 1). Of all the possible EDCs, phthalates seem to be one of the best-studied and most habitually encountered EDC. According to a study that investigated EDCs and asthma-associated chemicals in consumer products, phthalates are commonly used as solvents in personal care products, adhesives, detergents, lubricants, as well as pesticides despite the short …show more content…
It was hypothesized that exposure to phthalate metabolites DnBP, DEHP, DEP and BBzP would be linked to asthmatic children (cite). Three hundred inner-city women, along with their children, participating in the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health longitudinal cohort were recruited to participate in the current study. In the aforementioned women, phthalate metabolite concentrations were measured using a spot urine sample during the third trimester, as well as from the children at ages 3, 5, and 7. The urine samples were then sent to the CDC for further analysis of the four metabolites formerly mentioned. At 5, 6, 7, and 11 years of age, information was gathered from the mother via a reliable questionnaire pertaining to the asthma-like symptoms of their child (cite). Additionally, a pulmonologist and allergist assessed the children following the first maternal account of wheeze and/or any other respiratory symptom, and/or the use of an asthmatic inhaler in the previous 12 months on recurrent follow-up questionnaires. During examination, physicians used standardized diagnostic criterion to classify the children as having or not having present-day asthma (site). Contrastingly, the children who hadn’t …show more content…
This study was only executed in the inner city, which would limit the diversity of the population being tested. Furthermore, the authors include a table representing the characteristics of the participants and one can see that the location of the study only includes African American or Dominican participants. Therefore, the lack of ethnic diversity prevents one from generalizing the results across all other ethnicities. Lastly, the authors screened the women participants prior to involvement in the study. The authors only wanted women who were non-smokers, which is another weakness because including these women could have potentially shown a distinct difference between developing asthma as a child of a non-smoker versus smoker. Contrastingly, this study had several strengths. The authors used numerous sources to support the background information provided in the beginning of the paper, which was important because it demonstrates the extensive research they’ve done on the topic. Additionally, the authors mentioned and adjusted for potential confounders that would affect the results of this study, which further validated the results. Also, the overall presentation of the paper was very useful to the audience. For example, the subdivisions underneath the results section were helpful because it allowed me to view the results of each category separately instead of having them presented all at once in one long
Although pure BPA is not utilized in dental resins, it has been demonstrated that bis-DMA has the ability to be hydrolyzed into BPA by salivary esterases.1 This is a potential cause for concern due to the many adverse health effects associated with BPA. These effects are presumably due to the ability of BPA to bind to nuclear estrogen receptors and interfere with endocrine signaling.1 Thus, it is of interest to determine the estrogenic potential of dental resins over time.
EPA. (2009, December 29). Retrieved January 15, 2011, from Toxicity and Exposure Assessment for Children's Health: http://www.epa.gov/teach/
The article cites very little of the actual facts of the study making the claims harder to accept and more susceptible to critique. The study itself seems to have overlooked some added external effects and made some assumptions critical to the issue. One factor discussed in class is the size of the study and the people comprising the study. The study size is a decent study size of 37,000. However, the study does not specify some serious factors, such as family size, the structure of the family, the age of the participants and how long the study followed children.
Bisphenol A (2,2-(4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl)propane) can be found in many areas across the urban world, including the air that humans breathe and the water that humans drink. BPA is soluble in organic substances, which allows it to effectively enter the human system (Staples, 1998). It is a readily biodegradable compound with a half-life of three days that is easily metabolized in the adult human body, as well as in other organisms (Staples, 1998). A study found that 99% of BPA was degraded into carbon dioxide and water in microbial populations (Staples, 1998). Because of the quick degradation of BPA in organisms, including humans, it has been concluded that the intake of the chemical is much higher than what can be measured through processes like blood and urine sampling (Vandenburg, 2007). There tends to be low bioaccumulation of...
Among all Americans, the prevalence of asthma increased more than 60 percent between 1982 and 1994, especially among children. Deaths from asthma increased more than 55 percent from 1979 to 1992. Scientists suspect that increased exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke, growing populations in polluted city centers, and new housing that is poorly ventilated contribute to the increase in asthma cases.
During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems including cancer, decreased fertility, and abnormalities in newborns.
Throughout the decades, women’s fashion has evolved many times, each time creating a fashion stamp unique to that particular decade. One thing has remained the same and managed to remain a part of every era: hairspray. It is a cosmetic product that is meant to hold hair in its place. A lot of products we use today are may have unseen consequences to daily usage. A product I use almost daily is hairspray. I always knew hairspray was bad for the environment because of the aerosol that was in them would break down the ozone layer, so I began to look at a specific hairspray that I use just about every morning and night, Sebastian Shaper Hairspray, Regular, Styling Mist for Hold & Control. This specific Sebastian Hairspray product is not only bad for the environment; it is also bad for humans and animals.
The study consisted of a significant number of females compared to males, which makes it invalid to conclude that the findings support the general population. A strength was that participants were selected at random. By doing so, the study remained unbiased, thus making the results more credible.
This article relates very well to clinical practice. The article provides evidence that patients who smoke have significant differences in terms of clinical and therapeutic effects compared to non-smokers. This is relevant because it is proving in the actual article that asthmatic patients who smoke have many more complications and a greater likelihood of asthma exacerbations. We would recommend the article in clinical practice because it has a specific purpose in dealing with exacerbations. Some limitations would include that this article did not have a very large sample size, so this can also be a future recommendation to improve it. A strength is that it was conducted in an actual Asthma Genome Research Center, carrying a greater prestige and validity. The research article by Kupczyk, et al., (2014) holds a level IV evidence, also known as a descriptive study. This study is relevant because it focuses on the smoking history of the participants. The clinical relativity is that health care providers can look at the history of the patients, and thus have a factual idea of the contributions to the frequent exacerbations. This study would be highly recommended to be used in clinical situations because a patient's history is a key indicator of their present status, therefore knowing their history of smoking may help with the treatment of exacerbations. Limitations of this study can include the small study size and
Another study measured the levels of flame retardants in both mothers’ prenatal and their children’ serums, and found that high concentrations of flame retardants like polybrominated diphenyl ethers were associated with a poorer attention than normal, slower cognitive development, and motor coordination difficulties. (Hamers, 2017)
CHEMICHALS: Scientist have defined hundreds of chemicals that can cause cancer in animals. These chemicals are also a cancer hazard for human beings if they become widespread in food supply, the general environment, or the living and working environment. In most cases, a chemical carcinogen enters the food supply as a food addi...
The intervention expected from this study is the issuance of recommendations for asthma management to parents of children with asthma.
In a study conducted by the University of London’s Centre for Toxicology, 30 out of 37 commonly used pesticides have been tested to block or mimic male hormones (Cone). This blockage can affect testosterone levels negatively as well as other androgens produced within a male’s body causing serious health concerns with fertilization, hair loss, and low sex drive. The study also discovered that certain pesticides that are used within today’s agriculture can, “…activate or inhibit hormone receptors in cells that turn genes on and off” (Cone). Therefore, fetuses and infants can be at high risk when exposed in the womb or through breast milk since the hormones being turned on or off control masculinization of the reproductive tract. Overall, pesticides seem like they are doing more harm to human’s health then they are at keeping crops healthy and should be eliminated from modern agriculture
All these harmful chemicals can have extremely destructive consequences on your body. They can cause lung, nose, neck and mouth cancer. They lower the bodies ability to carry oxygen thus resulting in frequent loss of breath, make teeth and hands turn yellow, causes heart disease, are incredibly addictive, makes breath and hair smell rancid, and if a woman is pregnant, can have severe repercussions on the babies development.
Some examples of harmful toxins with difficult names include diethanolamine (DEA), formaldehyde, glucocorticoids, and triethanolamine (TEA). We are exposed to toxic chemicals in many ways. We may breathe them in as sprays and powders, swallow chemicals on our lips and, even rub them on our skin. According to a team of researchers who conducted a study on the relationship between exposure to phthalates and DNA damage on human sperm, “cosmetics frequently contain enhancers that allow ingredients to penetrate deeper into the skin. Studies have found health problems in people exposed to common fragrance and sunscreen ingredients, including increased risk of sperm damage, feminization of the male reproductive system and low birth weight in girls” (Duty et al. 1164). There should be regulations banning toxic chemicals from personal care and beauty products because toxins are bad for our health (1), the consumer faith in cosmetic companies are suffering (2), and other countries recognized the effects and banned it while America has not