More handpicked essays just for you.
Introduction of crime prevention
The Prevention of Crime: Social and Situational Strategies
Crime prevention theory
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Emami & Ishmal [2013] FamCA 735 (26 December 2013) is a civil law suit of Ms Ishmal having sole parental custody towards the three children. Main arguments in Ms Ishmal having sole custody of the children, is that the father has been convicted of several accounts of assault upon Ms Ishmal and an assault towards child A. These dates consist on June 2004, November 2006 and January 2011. Assault is when the principal in the first degree, in this case Mr Emami, has caused a physical attack on or threatening to cause a physical attack towards the plaintiff, in this case Ms Ishmal. There are various types of assault in general, mainly consisting on: aggravated, common, incident and physical. But types of assault mentioned in this civil case are: …show more content…
Individual raised or surrounded by people who possess a criminal behaviour, will be more likely to commit crimes as it is deemed socially acceptable to do so. This is seen from Mr Emami’s case and his conviction of several charges of assault towards Ms Ishmal in June 2004, November 2006, and January 2011. From the repeated offences and breaching the Apprehended Violence Order it is clear that Mr Emami believes that his actions are socially acceptable to do so. Mr Emami has denies violating the Apprehend Violence Order, assaulting Ms Ishmal and child A, however has not provided an alternate version of the scenario. It is clear Mr Emami’s criminal behaviour was lead from social …show more content…
Self-interest can motivate an individual to commit a crime, as it is an easy road to power, and can be based on revenge. Our society has become increasingly more materialistic and greedy. As a result, it is clear that many criminals, such as Mr Emami, are motivated by self-interest. Crime prevention techniques are methods understanding the factors and motivation behind crime, to prevent crime. There are two main areas of crime prevention consisting on: Situational and social. Situational and social crime prevention techniques are solely based on reducing the rate of crime within the community by assessing what drives criminal behaviour and limiting the issues. Situational crime prevention technique attempts to prevent a crime from occurring, by fixing the situation, such as the physical environment of where a crime may arise. This technique can be completed by: increasing the risk of getting caught e.g. CCTV
Situational crime prevention is an idea criminologists use in order to reduce the chances of crime initially taking place. This theory does not aim to punish criminals after the crime has taken place like the criminal justice system does, but however the opposite, it aims to reduce the chances of the crime taking place to start with. Ron Clarke (2005) describes this theory as an approach that aims to reduce the opportunities out there for crime, involving rational choice theory. Clark focuses on three methods within this theory, directing at specific crimes, altering the environment we live in and aiming to reduce the benefits of committing crimes.
In addition to biological and psychological elements, there are the social factors that can influence people to engage in criminal activity. As a matter of fact, social and economic pressures play a major role in the cause of crime, since people are more likely to break the law when they have nothing else to lose. Therefore, the biological, psychological, and social factors should all be considered when trying to establish a reason for every crime. Word Count = 1,378
This research is very important in determining the measures to take to be a deterrent to this crime. There are many approaches to dealing with crime. There are preventive methods that seek to prevent a crime from happening. There is also a punitive method of preventing crime that work by making the penalty for committing a crime very high. It prevents people from committing a crime and offenders from repeating the crime.
The term crime control is a method that is used to help tackle crime, in terms of reducing the amount of crime that is committed. This model is describe like that of a conveyor belt because of the speedy process it uses to determine assumed guilt of suspected offender.
All these types of prevention, whether they are viewed from the perspective of a doctor, or a criminologist, are helpful in how our society approaches crime in an age where as crime becomes deeper and more complicated, so must our methods of understanding be expanded.
Situational crime prevention in some crimes is more successful than that of developmental. Situational Crime prevention takes an approach that the victim is responsible for implementing measures to protect themselves whilst developmental needs programs to be undergone by the offender. The two prevention strategies will be discussed in relation to burglary.
...ifferent crime patterns and thought processes of criminals. The reasons can only come from these theories and will help the justice systems become more prepared to react towards different crimes. However, with adding some enhancements, projects and experiments these two theories have the potential to change the criminology realm forever.
This essay will talk about what Situational Crime Prevention( SCP) is, it will also discuss the theoretical assumptions that underpin this approach, for example, the nature of the offender as well as examining how the SCP strategy has been used to deal with crime as well as the general pros and cons of such an approach.
The aim of this paper is to thoroughly analyses the advice provided by the university of Botswana security services regarding victimization and crime prevention consistent with routine activity theory .Victimization means exploiting someone or treating them unfairly and unjustly(thesaurus;1999). Crime prevention which involves rational choice and routine activity theories is described organizations such as United Nations, World Health organization and the UK Audit Commission as the attempt to reduce or deter crime and criminals. Routine Activity theory is a sub-field of crime opportunity that focuses on situations of crimes. It has been developed by Marcus Felson and Lawrence E. Cohen, the premise of routine activity theory is that crime is relatively unaffected by social causes such as poverty, inequality and unemployment (Alex, 2011). The simple version of the terms proves that routine
1).Situation crime prevention is an application of environment criminology. Its aimsto decrease crime by increasing both the efforts and risk of crime commission, decreasing the reward, and removing the provocations and excuses that increase the frequency of crime commission(Cornish and Clarke, 2003). Situational crime prevention requires of focus on specific forms of crime rather than on the perpetrator’s disposition, and seeks to alter the nature and prevalence of crime opportunities ( Clarke,2003).Routine activity theory (Cohen and Felson, 1979) originally described the three basic elements for a direct contact predatory crime occur. Crime events occur
Situational crime prevention reduces the opportunities for criminals to commit crime by making changes to or altering the environment with the assistance of the police, neighbors and other agencies (Worrall, 2008). The main theories of situational crime prevention are: environmental crime prevention, rational offender perspective, and routine activities (Worrall, 2008). Environmental crime prevention basically states that four elements must be present for a crime to occur: a target, a place (opportunity), a law, and an offender. Environmental crime prevention is designed to prevent people from breaking the law by altering street and building designs, or altering the environment to make it safer (Worrall, 2008). An example of this that is used by law enforcement is to place a sign at the public trash dumpsters informing the public that the area is being videotaped. This method is used to alter the publi...
In today’s society, one will find that there are many different factors that go into the development of a criminal mind, and it is impossible to single out one particular cause of criminal behavior. Criminal behavior often stems from both biological and environmental factors. In many cases criminals share similar physical traits which the general population do not usually have. For example criminals have smaller brains than properly adjusted individuals. However biological reasons cannot solely be the cause of criminal behavior. Therefore, one must look to other sources as to how a criminal mind is developed. Social and environmental factors also are at fault for developing a person to the point at which they are lead to committing a criminal act. Often, someone who has committed a violent crime shows evidence of a poorly developed childhood, or the unsuitable current conditions in which the subject lives. In addition if one studies victimology which is the role that the victim plays in the crime, it is apparent that there are many different causes for criminal behavior. Through the examination of biological factors, in addition to the social and environmental factors which make up a criminal mind, one can conclude that a criminal often is born with traits common to those of criminals, it is the environment that exist around them that brings out the criminal within them to commit indecent acts of crime.
Different schools of thought propose varying theoretical models of criminality. It is agreeable that criminal behaviour is deep rooted in societies and screams for attention. Biological, Social ecological and psychological model theories are key to helping researchers gain deeper comprehension of criminal behaviour and ways to avert them before they become a menace to society. All these theories put forward a multitude of factors on the outlooks on crime. All these theories have valid relevancy to continuous research on criminal behaviour.
I now know that criminology prefer to highlight the correlations between crimes’ social climates and criminals’ psychological states of mind. While some argues that criminal behavior is a result of individuals’ association with criminal peers, other claims that crime is a reflection of an individual’s genetic disadvantages. I have come to learn that there are no universally agreed formulas on decoding crimes and criminal behaviors. What we have, however, is a manual full of academic opinions and subjective views that have emerged alongside of the development of criminology. At the same time, the volume of conflicting perspectives that I have stumble upon in studying criminology reminded me again that the success of our current assessment models has yet to be determined. Thus, the study of criminology is an appropriate practice that will further prepare me to conduct meaningful research on legal studies and to provide accurate and in-depth findings in the near
According to Weisburd and Eck (2004) our strategy for reducing crime has been based on the standard model for policing. According to this model, it can be applied to all people and situations as a way to reduce crime (Weisburd and Eck, 2004). Many argue that this model states that basic techniques can be used in all situations regardless of how much crime or types of crime there is in that location.